喜旱莲子草在中国的入侵机理及其生物防治

喜旱莲子草为全球性恶性杂草,也是中国生物多样性国家报告中首批9种重要外来入侵植物之一.本文综述了喜旱莲子草的起源、分布以及在我国的传播扩散和危害,并分析了入侵机制.鉴于这是我国生物防治外来杂草最成功的项目,还介绍了利用昆虫天敌生物防治的过程、实践和经验,讨论了存在的问题及应对策略. 参60     

生物膜法降解甲苯废气过程的探讨

采用陶粒为填料的生物滤池降解甲苯废气，并对清水试验和生物膜试验的结果进行分析，发现生物膜法降解甲苯这样的挥发性有机物（VOCs)具有良好的效果，已不再是清水试验中单纯的物理吸收过程，而是伴有生化反应的吸收过程，是以气膜控制为主的传质过程。     

环境微生物耐药阻控研究进展

世界卫生组织将微生物耐药视为21世纪全球健康的主要挑战之一.根据One Health观念,微生物耐药可以跨越生态边界在环境、动物、人体中传播,给生态安全和人类健康带来威胁.耐药菌株的快速传播和演变使得传统抗生素治疗效果逐渐减弱.因此,需要研究环境中耐药现状,提出缓解环境微生物耐药的策略.在该综述中,我们重点介绍缓解微生物耐药的策略,具体包括化学阻控、生物阻控、CRISPR-Cas系统应用和群落调节等手段,并对这些策略的优缺点进行了评述.这些策略有望遏制全球耐药的恶化及蔓延.     

OHS风险控制方法在烟气排放控制工程中的应用

介绍了烟气排放控制工程中OHS风险控制的方法,并以香港青山“B”电厂4X680MW机组排放控制工程（CPBEC）为例,阐述了目前国内外环保项目在OHS风险管理方面的差距和改进措施。     

浅析温室效应及控制对策

由于近年来人口激增、人类活动频繁,矿物燃料用量猛增,再加上森林植被破坏,大气中的温室气体含量不断增加,造成了温室效应加剧,将会导致全球变暖,海平面升高,给生态环境及人类健康等多方面带来影响。只有设法减少燃料的使用量,开发新能源,广泛植树造林,禁止砍伐森林,有效地控制人口,才能减缓温室效应的加剧。     

挥发性有机物在线气相色谱仪响应漂移订正方法研究

挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）作为大气对流层臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的重要前体物,其精确监测对评估和改善空气质量至关重要. 在线气相色谱仪（GC）广泛用于VOCs监测,其数据处理中如何订正仪器响应漂移是一项极具挑战的工作. 本文通过分析北京市2023年3月至2024年7月为期16个月的VOCs在线GC响应漂移及数据订正情况,提出了一种基于多点标准曲线与高频率零/跨检查结果,采用线性插值法对在线GC响应漂移进行订正的质量控制方法,可有效控制仪器响应漂移给后续数据处理带来的误差,提高VOCs长期在线监测数据的可靠性与稳定性. 研究表明,在标准曲线相关系数大于0.98的情况下,约80%的目标VOCs在监测期内的响应漂移波动幅度仍可达±50%,可见仪器响应漂移对VOCs长期监测数据质量的影响不容忽视. 高频率的零/跨检查有利于将仪器响应漂移误差控制在较小的范围内. 每4—8 d完成1次零/跨检查且每个点连续测量3次时,可将92%—94%的目标VOCs跨度偏差控制在±15%以内,82%—88%的目标VOCs跨度偏差控制在±10%以内,61%—66%的目标VOCs跨度偏差控制在±5%范围内. 相比仅用标准曲线定量,约87%的目标VOCs浓度在订正后有不同程度下降. 其中,15种芳香烃平均降低5%—15%,23种烷烃平均降低1%—26%,10种烯烃平均降低4%—17%. 异丁烯、1-戊烯、乙炔是少数订正后浓度有较明显上升的化合物,上升幅度分别为21%、8%和7%. 表明忽略响应漂移而仅用有限次数的标准曲线定量可能对大部分VOCs浓度高估、对个别VOCs浓度低估. 研究结果可为VOCs在线GC的质量控制和数据订正提供科学的依据和方法.     

Epidemiologic Analysis of Factors Associated with Local Disappearances of Native Ranid Frogs in Arizona

Abstract:  We examined factors that may independently or synergistically contribute to amphibian population declines. We used epidemiologic case–control methodology to sample and analyze a large database developed and maintained by the Arizona Game and Fish Department that describes historical and currently known ranid frog localities in Arizona, U.S.A. Sites with historical documentation of target ranid species ( n = 324) were evaluated to identify locations where frogs had disappeared during the study period (case sites) and locations where frog populations persisted (control sites). Between 1986 and 2003, 117 (36%) of the 324 sites became case sites, of which 105 were used in the analyses. An equal number of control sites were sampled to control for the effects of time. Risk factors, or predictor variables, were defined from environmental data summarized during site surveys and geographic information system data layers. We evaluated risk factors with univariate and multifactorial logistic-regression analyses to derive odds ratios (OR). Odds for local population disappearance were significantly related to 4 factors in the multifactorial model. Disappearance of frog populations increased with increasing elevation (OR = 2.7 for every 500 m, p < 0.01). Sites where disappearances occurred were 4.3 times more likely to have other nearby sites that also experienced disappearances (OR = 4.3, p < 0.01), whereas the odds of disappearance were 6.7 times less (OR = 0.15, p < 0.01) when there was a source population nearby. Sites with disappearances were 2.6 times more likely to have introduced crayfish than were control sites (OR = 2.6, p = 0.04). The identification of factors associated with frog disappearances increases understanding of declines occurring in natural populations and aids in conservation efforts to reestablish and protect native ranids by identifying and prioritizing implicated threats.     

悬挂链曝气技术应用于河流污染治理

在介绍了悬挂链曝气技术的特点和在复氧曝气方面的适用性的基础上,对该技术的局限性进行了阐述,并认为悬挂链技术为河流污染治理提供了一种新选择。