正交实验选择纤维素酶产生菌的最优综合培养条件

在复合碳源、30℃恒温培养条件下,用正交实验法对影响纤维素酶产生菌降解纤维素的5种单因素培养条件进行了优化,并将优化得到的条件应用于厌氧-好氧废水处理系统.结果表明,MgSO4用量等单因素对纤维素酶活性以及纤维素降解率有不同程度的促进作用;正交实验得到厌氧菌和好氧菌的最佳培养条件不完全一致;在废水处理系统中,5种单因素的最佳综合水平为:30mg/L MgSO4,20mg/L CoCl2,CNP配比为400:5:1,氮源为NH4Cl (28.7mg/L), pH=7.0,此时厌氧菌及好氧菌酶活性分别为4801U/L和4794U/L,酶稳定性分别达到91.0%和95.5%,纤维素降解率为31.9%和28.4% .     

轻度氧化处理纤维素生物降解性的初步研究

以纤维素为原料，通过二氧化氮和过碘酸化学氧化方法，在不同的低取代度条件下，有选择性地在纤维素葡萄糖残基的不同碳原子部位导入特定的取代基（羧基和二醛基），探讨不同的取代基对纤维素生物降解性能的影响．并将处理后所得的纤维素试验，通过土壤埋没，利用土壤中的微生物自然降解，然后测定分子量的变化，定量分析纤维素在不同取代基，不同程度化学处理后，其生物降解性能的变化。实验结果表明：（１）在纤维素葡萄糖残基Ｃ６     

Oxygen Permeability and Biodegradability of Polyuronic Acids Prepared from Polysaccharides by TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation

Polyuronic acids, i.e., amylouronic acid, cellouronic acid and chitouronic acid, were prepared from starch, cellulose and chitin, respectively, by the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and their gas-barrier properties and biodegradability were studied in consideration to use the polyuronic acids as flexible packaging films or coating materials. Cellouronic acid and amylouronic acid had excellent oxygen-barrier properties similar to that of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), while chitouronic acid did not. The regular chemical structures of the former two polyuronic acids with no bulky substituents or adducts may have brought about such high oxygen-barrier levels. An oxidized product prepared form fine microcrystalline cellulose by the TEMPO-mediated oxidation was not completely dissolved in water, but became a paste. However, this paste also formed sufficiently smooth films by coating, and had good gas-barrier property. All polyuronic acids prepared were biodegradable; cellouronic acid and chitouronic acid had high degrees of biodegradability, while amylouronic acid had quite low value. These various characteristics are significant for end use of these new polyuronic acids as gas-barrier materials for biodegradable packaging.     

Combination eect of pH and acetate on enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis

The productivity and eciency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this study will find out how the pH and the amount of acetate inuence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The eects of pH and acetate on cellulase produced from Bacillus coagulans were studied at various pH 5-8, and acetate concentrations (0-60 mmol/L). A batch kinetic model for enzymatic cellulose hydrol...     

水处理用纤维素载体的降解及生物膜附着性能

研究了纤维素载体性能和生态因子(温度、底物浓度、pH)对载体降解和生物膜附着情况的影响.结果表明.未改性、交联、交联且阳离子化处理后载体最终平均降解率分别为55.2%、23.9%、20.5%;单位质量阳离子化载体的生物膜附着量最大,达0.247 g·g-1.纤维索载体可为细菌补充碳源,进而促进载体初期降解,可使废水中sO24-降解率最多提高51%.pH为5.0-6.5条件下,随着pH值的升高载体最终降解率下降,生物膜附着量增大.     

纤维素分解菌复合系MC1分解木薯淀粉厂残渣

木薯渣木质纤维素含量较高,是有开发潜力的生物质资源,目前,木薯渣主要用来生产饲料和酒精.用其进行甲烷发酵也是很有前景的应用途径,但是木薯渣含水量大,颗粒分散,不利于固体发酵.利用纤维素分解细菌复合系MC1分解木薯渣,可将其转化为可溶的小分子有机物,提高其甲烷发酵效率.在分解过程中测定了木薯渣各成分的减少和分解产物.结果显示,经18 d分解,木薯渣的总干重减少了47.3%,其中纤维素减少了22.7%,半纤维素减少了90.4%,木质素减少了11.3%,其总分解量的85%在前6 d被分解.MC1分解木薯渣过程中可溶性物质总含量开始为18%,3 d后达到最高,为33%.GC-MS测定挥发性产物的总量在培养6 d后达到最高,挥发性产物共检测出12种,其中量较大的化合物为乙醇、乙酸、乙二醇、丁酸及甘油,这些产物为甲烷发酵菌可直接利用或者容易转化为甲烷菌直接利用的成分.因此利用MC1分解木薯渣作为甲烷发酵的前发酵手段将很有应用前景.     

Fenton试剂+SBR法处理纤维素废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂+SBR法对COD很高的纤维素废水进行处理。首先用絮凝法预处理纤维素废水,然后加入Fenton试剂进行处理,得出在pH为3、Fe2+用量为1.5×10-2 mol/L即2.28 g/L、H2O2的投加量为0.858 g/L、H2O2和Fe2+的投加量比为6、反应时间为4 h时效果最佳,COD降到1 002.8 mg/L,去除效率为88.3%。然后进行SBR生物处理,厌氧处理8 h,好样处理10 h,此时COD处理效果最好为92.8 mg/L,去除效率为90.7%,BOD5为46.8 mg/L,去除效率为88.3%。     

生物质能源干式厌氧发酵预处理的研究进展

秸秆干式厌氧发酵以农作物秸秆为原料,在较小的规模和较少资本投入的条件下,产生可以循环使用的生物质能。通过物理法、化学法、物理化学法、生物法等预处理方法,可使后续发酵效率大大提高。本文论述了国内外生物质秸秆预处理技术的研究现状,对各种预处理方法的优缺点进行了分析与讨论．并对生物质秸秆预处理技术用于厌氧发酵的前景进行了展望。     

Characterization of the e ective cellulose degrading strain CTL-6

An e cient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of e ective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest e ciency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 mol/(min mL), cellulose degradation e ciency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50–65°C with the highest degradation e ciency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, cellobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C. thermocellum is unable to do so.     

高效稳定纤维素分解混合菌群的筛选及分解特性研究

以高纤维素素含量的土壤为筛选源,利用定向筛选技术,经过多代淘汰,最终筛选出一组木质纤维素分解混合菌群P-C。混合菌群的生长曲线没有明显的分界线,在培养4至5天时,出现了短暂的平稳期,在培养第7天时出现峰值,此时混合菌群的纤维素酶活最高。以天然纤维素为产酶碳源时,混合菌群纤维素酶活明显高于以人工纤维素为产酶碳源时的酶活,以秸秆为碳源时的纤维素酶活是以滤纸为碳源时的1.5倍。混合菌群纤维素酶的最适pH是6,最适酶促反应温度是45℃,但在35℃-40℃时也具有较高酶活。pH=6,糖化48 h时,发酵液糖浓度最高。