A comparison of overtime patrol stops made inside and out of cluster identified hotspots

Objective: The annual rate of impaired driving crashes in the United States has remained nearly constant over the last decade. While engineers, educators, enforcement, and emergency response personnel have worked diligently in their combined efforts to reduce the loss of life, there is still significant progress to be made. One area of recent interest is the use of data driven enforcement. The basis for data driven enforcement is the use of statistical clustering to identify geographic areas that represent the location of problem identification for various criminal or traffic offenses. In the case of impaired driving fatalities, the clustering represents locations with high rates of impaired driving crashes. Law enforcement officers and supervisors may allocate resources towards more specifically and efficiently addressing problem areas.

Methods: While data driven enforcement has been proven to be an effective tool in addressing crime and traffic safety problems, it has been a slow process for agencies to adopt data driven techniques. This study aims to explore the difference in traffic stops made inside and outside of hotspot identified areas. The study uses data from the Stark County Operating a Vehicle Impaired Task Force between 2013 and 2014.

Results: The analysis determined that stop occurring in hotspot defined areas are more likely to result in impaired driving arrests and seatbelt citations. Additionally it is found that the average cost of impaired driving arrests is significantly cheaper for stops occurring inside of hotspot areas.

Conclusion: Clustering as a means of directing law enforcement efforts are a way to increase the productivity and benefits of law enforcement agencies with limited finances or personnel. From this study it is seen that traffic stops made within defined cluster or hot spot areas are more effective in resulting in OVI arrests.     

侧开缝对竖通道内旋转热流场影响的实验研究

为了掌握竖通道两侧开缝对于通道内热流场的影响,在一32cm(长)×32cm(宽)×200cm(高)的竖通道内进行了旋转热流场实验研究,对比了在不同热源条件下,竖通道侧开缝宽度为3.0cm和3.5cm时,侧开缝底部5cm高区域被遮挡前后通道内热流场的变化。实验结果表明,与遮挡前相比,遮挡通道侧开缝底部对火焰燃烧和热流场的运动状态都会产生影响。遮挡通道侧开缝底部区域,会在一定程度上限制外界冷空气进入通道内,从而减弱通道内的火焰旋转程度,致使燃料燃尽的耗时更长,平均火焰高度降低,其影响程度随着燃料池增大而减弱;遮挡侧开缝底部区域后,造成通道内下部区域中心轴线处的温度降低,最大影响区域在50cm高度附近,而在150cm高度以上基本没有影响;平均火焰高度与燃料池直径之比的无量纲量H/Φ与Peclet数之间的比例系数近似为1.732,并且是否遮挡侧开缝底部区域对于两者之间比例关系的影响不大。     

Concentration of some heavy metals in organically grown primitive,old and modern wheat genotypes: Implications for human health

The concentration of six HMs (Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, Hg and Ni) was analysed in 321 organically grown winter and spring wheat genotypes from six genotype groups, i.e. selections, old landraces, primitive wheat, spelt, old cultivars and cultivars. Also the potential risk of individual toxic HM to human health was estimated by using the Hazard Quotient (HQ). Significantly the lowest grain concentration of Cd was found in primitive wheat as compared to all other investigated genotype groups. Intake of HM by consumption of whole wheat grain was not found to pose a health risk to human for any of the investigated genotype groups. The bio-concentration factor of Cd for the different genotype groups indicated a lower ability to accumulate Cd for primitive wheat as compared to other genotype groups. The primitive wheat was found the most promising and might be of interest in future wheat breeding programs to develop wheat genotypes with low HMs concentration in the grain.     

沸腾炉烟气处理系统改造

结合义煤集团耿村煤矿沸腾炉烟气排放特点等因素,选择袋式除尘器对原除尘系统进行改造,改造后沸腾炉烟尘实现了达标排放.     

静风环境热重气体行为模式分析

热重气体是指从容器、管道、钻井等喷出时的温度比大气环境温度高、标准状况下密度比空气密度大的气体.有毒热重气体沉降到地面会对人和动植物造成危害.本文根据能量守恒定律和气体状态方程,建立了静风环境热重气体行为模式判别式,计算分析了喷出气体温度不同、有毒热重气体含量不同时的有毒热重气体行为模式.计算结果分析表明,随着喷出气体温度的升高,空气与有毒热重气体混合物中有毒热重气体开始沉降的浓度下降.     

高寒地区热水锅炉锅内加药水处理

通过热水锅炉内加药水处理的工作实践帮对易产生结垢的原因分析,提出了高寒地区热水锅炉锅内加药水处理的可行性和具体实施方案。     

湿热环境下配电自动化终端的腐蚀失效分析

目的解决配电自动化终端在湿热环境下的腐蚀失效问题,保障配网自动化系统的安全运行,延长配电自动化终端的使用寿命。方法分别选用三台架空终端FTU作为研究对象,研究配电自动化终端在湿热环境下的腐蚀失效特点,并提出针对性防护措施。采用SEM和EDS表征方法展开配电自动化终端的腐蚀失效分析。结果由EDS数据结果发现,相比较于轻微腐蚀区域,腐蚀区域的氧含量均大幅增加,且出现硫元素和氯元素,表明腐蚀环境主要是含硫和氯的潮湿环境。航空插头表面覆盖镍和铜两层镀层,腐蚀后的试样表面不仅检测到铜,有的甚至检测到基材铁,说明腐蚀后镀层已逐步失效,部分基材裸露,且已开始腐蚀。结合SEM发现,样品表面有大量颗粒粗大的腐蚀产物,且明显看出镀层已被破坏。结论材料腐蚀失效主要是由于高温度、湿度、含氯及硫等大气环境加速终端设备腐蚀,以及镀层被破坏或漏镀等问题造成基材裸露,腐蚀进一步深入发展。因此,根据湿热环境下配电自动化终端的腐蚀特点,提出针对性的防护措施。保障配网自动化系统的安全运行的同时,延长配电自动化终端的使用寿命,为今后的实证测试提供可靠依据。     

济钢210t转炉钢水罐热修除尘系统的设计及应用

介绍了钢水罐热修除尘系统的自主开发,除尘技术的设计,详细阐述可移动抽风罩、抗结露袋除尘器、覆膜玻璃纤维膨体纱等技术特点,以及整个除尘系统的控制技术,仅供同行参考借鉴。     

Cardiovascular Load During Summer Work of Two Age Groups of Van-Rickshaw Pullers in West Bengal,India

Van-rickshaw is a popular mode of transport of people and merchandise in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of age on cardiovascular load of van-rickshaw pullers in the summer season (March-June) in real situations. In 142 participants, divided into 2 age groups (25-40 and 41-55 years), cardiovascular load was assessed on the basis of working and partial recovery heart rate (HR), predicted maximal HR, working maximal HR, average working HR, percentage of reserved HR, sum of recovery heart beats, percentage of recovery, relative and net cardiac cost, etc. Except for percentage of recovery, all parameters differed significantly between the groups and were significantly correlated with age. As this activity is very stressful, it places a heavy demand on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, age is an important factor for sustainability of the work, especially in a hot environment. Some ergonomic interventions are necessary to reduce cardiovascular load.