成都市区植被变化的遥感动态监测

利用1987年和2000年的TM影像,对成都市区植被动态变化进行了分析.首先, 利用1:25万数字地形图对2000年的TM影像进行几何校正,并将1987年的TM影像与其配准.其次,利用TM影像的第四和第三波段计算植被指数,根据植被指数提取植被.第三,对成都市区1987～2000年的植被进行了动态变化分析.研究表明,1987～2000年成都市区植被有增有减,但总的趋势是减少:增加部分集中在老城区,是人工绿化的结果;减少部分主要集中在市区西北和西南的面状区域以及因城市道路扩展而占用的线状区域,这是城市化的必然结果.     

1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18 EmporeTM 膜/水分配系数的研究

研究了1,2,4,5-四氯苯在C18膜／水相之间的分配规律。1,2,4,5-四氯苯在：25℃,80r／min条件下恒温震荡96h可达分配平衡,温度和盐度对1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18膜／水的分配过程影响很小,1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18膜／水分配平衡时间受溶液体积和容器容积的影响,但不受溶液中C18膜膜量的影响,推测脂溶性小于或接近1,2,4,5-四氯苯的有机污染物在恒温震荡条件下C18膜与水之间的分配96h可达到平衡。     

河北沧州黑龙港地区粮食作物生产潜力估算

本文采用屡次分析法,运用1∶10万TM卫星图象对黑龙港类型区(沧州区域为例)农业生产水平类型划分的结果,分析计算了该区各种类型土地(高、中、低产田)的各级生产潜力和粮食作物生产潜力。得出沧州区域提高粮食生产潜力着眼点在高、中产田,主要措施是增加能量投入,合理用水,改良土壤。     

遥感技术在察布查尔县土壤侵蚀调查中的应用

依据陆地卫星TM遥感影像资料,在ERDAS软件下,通过室内判读与野外调查相结合的方法,解译出土地利用类型图、植被覆盖度图、坡度图。在建立知识库的基础上,利用土壤侵蚀专家分类系统,快速获得察布查尔县土壤侵蚀分类分级状况,为今后该区域的水土保持工作提供参考和依据。     

Factors influencing concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) and total mercury (TM) in an artificial reservoir

The effects of various factors including turbidity, pH, DOC, temperature, and solar radiation on the concentrations of total mercury (TM) and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) were investigated in an artificial reservoir in Korea. Episodic total mercury accumulation events occurred during the rainy season as turbidity increased, indicating that the TM concentration was not controlled by direct atmospheric deposition. The DGM concentration in surface water ranged from 3.6 to 160 pg/L, having a maximum in summer and minimum in winter. While in most previous studies DGM was controlled primarily by a photo-reduction process, DGM concentrations tracked the amount of solar radiation only in winter when the water temperature was fairly low in this study. During the other seasons microbial transformation seemed to play an important role in reducing Hg(II) to Hg(0). DGM increased as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration increased (p-value < 0.01) while it increased with a decrease of pH (p-value < 0.01).     

垦利县耕地利用动态监测研究

对土地利用变化进行监测是全球变化的一项基本内容,基于遥感技术的两个最主要的应用是通过影像分类制作土地覆被图和通过变化监测分析土地覆被变化,从而为土地利用分析提供了有力的工具与手段。论文以山东省垦利县为研究对象,探讨了利用TM数据进行耕地信息提取及监测,包括遥感图像的几何精校正、数据配准、研究区数据提取及图像增强等,分别采用屏幕目视解译法和自动分类与目视解译结合法两种分类方法提取耕地信息,在此基础上对耕地分类结果进行叠加监测,并对分类和监测结果进行了验证;最后对耕地资源的变化做了一个系统的分析。结果表明,在计算机自动分类结果的基础上,进行目视修正,可以有效地提高分类精度,适宜于农用土地区尤其是滨海盐渍土区的耕地信息提取。     

A landscape approach to quantifying land cover changes in Yulin, Northwest China

In this study we quantified land cover changes in the arid region of Yulin City, Northwest China between 1985 and 2000 using remote sensing and GIS in conjunction with landscape modeling. Land covers were mapped into 20 categories from multitemporal Landsat TM images. Five landscape indices were calculated from these maps at the land cover patches level. It was found that fallow land decreased by 125,148 ha while grassland and woodland increased by 107,975 and 17,157 ha, respectively. Landscape heterogeneity, dominance and fractal dimension changed little during the 15-year period while landscape became more fragmented, with an index rising from 0.56 to 0.58. The major factors responsible for these changes are identified as the change in the government policy on preserving the environment, continued growth in mining, and urbanization.