原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中硒

硒是生物体必须的营养元素。但过量的硒能引起中毒。因此,准确测定土壤中硒的含量,意义重大。本文介绍了焙烧富集、原子荧光法测定土壤中硒的方法。并对灯电流、负高压、原子化器的高度和温度、载气流量、还原剂浓度、预处理时活性炭、MgO、捕集剂用量的选择等实验条件进行了讨论和优选。绘制了标准曲线,并对标准参考样进行了测定,在选定的最佳条件下,测得标准参考样结果与真值相吻合,精密度分别为5．3％和7．2％。获得令人满意的结果。     

后石油时代沙生灌木直燃发电对环境的影响＊

文章通过对内蒙古中西部地区沙生灌木的成分分析,基于生命周期法(LCA),定量论证了沙生灌木直燃发电开发模式对环境的影响和推广的可行性,指出相比石油等传统能源,这种模式具有较大的潜在效益,对于我国发展绿色替代能源,促进西部地区生态环境和经济协调发展具有一定的战略意义。     

纳米硫化镉量子点细胞毒性作用机制

为初步探讨硫化镉量子点(CdS QDs)的细胞毒性作用机制,采用MTT毒性实验比较了CdS QDs和常规CdS对仓鼠肺细胞(CHL)的毒性效应以及细胞内外活性氧水平.结果表明,1)在较低暴露浓度(≤20μg·mL-1)时,CdS QDs细胞毒性显著高于常规CdS,而在较高暴露浓度(>20μg·mL-1)时,两者相差不大.2)在较低暴露浓度(≤40μg·mL-1)时,添加N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)可显著降低CdS QDs的细胞毒性,而在较高暴露浓度(>40μg·mL-1)时,添加NAC对CdS QDs的细胞毒性没有明显影响.添加NAC对常规CdS细胞毒性没有显著影响.综合实验结果推测CdS QDs的细胞毒性与暴露剂量有关:在低浓度(<20μg·mL-1)时,主要是活性氧的氧化损伤作用;在中等浓度(20~40μg·mL-1)时,活性氧和Cd2+的释放共同作用;在高浓度(>40μg·mL-1)时,则是Cd2+的释放占主导地位.     

A model for estimation of potential generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Brazil

Sales of electrical and electronic equipment are increasing dramatically in developing countries. Usually, there are no reliable data about quantities of the waste generated. A new law for solid waste management was enacted in Brazil in 2010, and the infrastructure to treat this waste must be planned, considering the volumes of the different types of electrical and electronic equipment generated.This paper reviews the literature regarding estimation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), focusing on developing countries, particularly in Latin America. It briefly describes the current WEEE system in Brazil and presents an updated estimate of generation of WEEE. Considering the limited available data in Brazil, a model for WEEE generation estimation is proposed in which different methods are used for mature and non-mature market products.The results showed that the most important variable is the equipment lifetime, which requires a thorough understanding of consumer behavior to estimate. Since Brazil is a rapidly expanding market, the “boom” in waste generation is still to come. In the near future, better data will provide more reliable estimation of waste generation and a clearer interpretation of the lifetime variable throughout the years.     

发电集团应对新火电厂大气污染物排放标准的思考

新的火电厂大气污染排放标准重点加大了对火电厂大气污染物中NOx的控制力度,收严了SO2、烟尘等污染物排放限值,增设了汞及其化合物控制指标。该标准的实施对发电企业的生存和发展带来一定的影响,为了落实新标准,发电集团应在法律法规政策及技术产业方面采取相应措施,加快除尘、脱硫、脱硝、脱汞等新技术的研究和应用,从单一污染物的总量控制向多污染物协同控制转变,积极探索和思考发电集团绿色低碳发展的道路。     

流域开发规划环境影响评价的战略意义——以岷江上游紫坪铺水库工程与都江堰保护问题为例

文章在分析岷江上游水电开发规划与流域环境问题的基础上提出对都江堰美学、经济、文化价值的再认识和对其进行保护的基本要求,讨论了紫坪铺水库工程与都江堰保护的战略抉择问题,并论述了流域开发规划环境影响评价的重要意义。     

垃圾渗沥液中氨氮的电化学氧化

针对目前国内外垃圾渗沥液处理中存在的问题,采用电化学氧化与上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）相结合,研究建立了对香港垃圾渗沥液的二步法处理工艺．本文着重探讨了电化学间接氧化去除渗沥液中氨氮的反应机制及主要影响因素,并通过实验找出了最佳的操作条件：入水初始 pH值为9.0;流速为0.01－0.10cm/s;CI加入量2000mg/L;电流密度 32.3mA/cm²．在此条件下,经过 6h电解后,UASB反应器出水中NH_－N和COD的去除率分别达到100％和87％．对该电化学氧化过程的运行成本进行了评估．     

水污染物总量初始分配方法

总结目前常用的总量分配方法,基于环境—经济系统综合考虑原则,提出水污染物总量分配方法的新思路,包括采用基尼系数法进行区域分配,采用优化排放绩效法对排污单位分配,并建立了优化排放绩效法的线性规划模型,分析了两种方法与其他常用分配方法的差异,以及在实际应用中需要注意的问题和根据废污水排放去向修订分配方案的方法。     

农田土壤温室气体产生机制及影响因素研究进展

农田土壤通过微生物呼吸、植物根系呼吸和土壤动物呼吸,释放大量温室气体,成为大气中主要温室气体(CO2、CH4和N2O)的重要来源.文章在阐述土壤温室气体产生机制的基础上,着重从土壤生物、土壤理化性质(主要包括温湿度、有机质、pH、Eh、土壤质地等)、水肥管理及耕作措施等角度对农田土壤温室气体释放的影响进行了综述,对土壤温室气体的减排措施进行了总结,并就今后农田土壤温室气体的研究重点和方向进行了展望.     

Generation of Monthly Precipitation Under Climate Change for the Upper Blue Nile River Basin,Ethiopia1

Abstract: This work develops a methodology to project the future precipitation in large river basins under limited data and climate change while preserving the historical temporal and spatial characteristics. The computationally simple and reliable conditional generation method (CGM) is presented and applied to generate reliable monthly precipitation data in the upper Blue Nile River Basin of Ethiopia where rain‐fed agriculture is prevalent. The results showed that the temporal analysis with the CGM performs better to reproduce the historical long‐term characteristics than other methods, and the spatial analysis with the CGM reproduced the historical spatial structure accurately. A 100‐year time series analysis using the outcomes of the six general circulation models showed that precipitation changes by the 2050s (2040 through 2069) can be ?7 to 28% with a mean increase of about 11%. The seasonal results showed increasing wet conditions in all seasons with changes of mean precipitation of 5, 47, and 6% for wet, dry, and mild seasons, respectively.