CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE TSENGWEN CREEK WATERSHED IN TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: This study presents a methodology to evaluate the vulnerability of water resources in the Tsengwen creek watershed, Taiwan. Tsengwen reservoir, located in the Tsengwen creek watershed, is a multipurpose reservoir with a primary function to supply water for the ChiaNan Irrigation District. A simulation procedure was developed to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the water resources system. The simulation procedure includes a streamflow model, a weather generation model, a sequent peak algorithm, and a risk assessment process. Three climate change scenarios were constructed based on the predictions of three General Circulation Models (CCCM, GFDL, and GISS). The impacts of climate change on streamflows were simulated, and, for each climate change scenario, the agricultural water demand was adjusted based on the change of potential evapotranspiration. Simulation results indicated that the climate change may increase the annual and seasonal streamflows in the Tsengwen creek watershed. The increase in streamflows during wet periods may result in serious flooding. In addition, despite the increase in streamflows, the risk of water deficit may still increase from between 4 and 7 percent to between 7 and 13 percent due to higher agricultural water demand. The simulation results suggest that the reservoir capacity may need to be expanded. In response to the climate change, four strategies are suggested: (1) strengthen flood mitigation measures, (2) enhance drought protection strategies, (3) develop new water resources technology, and (4) educate the public.     

双室微生物燃料电池利用乙酸钠和淀粉产电研究

研究了厌氧活性污泥接种的双室微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cells,MFCs) 分别供给以乙酸钠和淀粉为底物的人工配水的产电情况和有机物去除效果. 结果表明,MFCs中能量的输出与底物的种类有关,使用乙酸钠和淀粉达到的最大输出电压分别为0.43和0.39 V,最大功率密度分别为36.03和 6.32 mW/m2,简单底物的输出电压和功率密度高于复杂底物. MFCs在产电同时还可有效去除水中的有机物,288 h时以乙酸钠和淀粉为底物的MFCs中TOC的去除率分别为91.15%和83.20%,NH₃-N的去除率分别为90.31%和86.20%. 扫描电镜发现,2种底物下MFCs阳极表面的微生物形态差异显著,以乙酸钠为底物的MFCs阳极表面生物相主要为杆菌和弧菌;以淀粉为底物的阳极表面主要是球菌,表明不同底物条件下MFCs中所形成的微生物优势种群也不同.      

生活垃圾焚烧副产物产生源特征

焚烧在我国某些城市逐渐开始成为主要的生活垃圾处理方式之一,同时,焚烧过程产生的副产物的二次污染及其性质渐受关注。本研究选取某典型生活垃圾焚烧发电厂,经过2年多在不同季节的多次取样,对其贮坑沥滤液、炉渣以及飞灰的产生状况及污染特性进行了分析,并着重讨论了垃圾中重金属在焚烧厂各股物流中的分布。     

不同产地的几种海藻中砷的形态和含量分析

采用干法消解和盐酸浸提处理、氢化物原子荧光光谱法对不同产地的几种海藻中的砷进行了形态和含量分析.结果表明,在实验浓度范围内,最低检出限达到0.147μg·1-1,线性相关系数0.9990以上,四种褐藻的精密度在0.74%-4.93%之间,回收率在91.64%-101.62%之间.四种褐藻的总砷和无机砷含量分别在16.58μg·g-1和5.104μg·g-1以上,其中羊栖菜的总砷和无机砷含量最高.     

风电场声环境影响探析——以望江屯风电场二期工程为例

风力发电具有公认的环保优势,但由此产生的风力发电工程对局部生态环境及噪声等影响日益受到人们的关注,主要体现在风轮机的视觉污染、噪音、鸟类安全及电磁干扰等方面。探索风电场污染途径,消除或减缓风电场给环境带来的不良影响,对风电行业可持续发展将具有十分重要意义。目前,鉴于有关风电场运营期声环境影响文献较少,本文基于望江屯风电场二期（49．5MW）工程建设,探析风力发电工程声环境影响,为风电场建设控制噪声污染提供理论依据。     

雾霾的产生机理及防治对策措施研究

雾霾是雾和霾的混合物,通过分析雾与霾产生的条件及产生机理,得出导致中国中东部产生雾霾的条件及原因是：空气湿度接近饱和、大气层结稳定、存在冷却条件及大量霾粒子。由于雾霾产生的条件中天气及气候因素目前人类难以控制,因此提出防治雾霾的关键是要控制目前受人类影响的霾离子的防治思路。结合国内外防治雾霾经验,提出中国防控雾霾的对策措施：污染源控制与治理措施、建立区域联防联控机制、完善和推进企业清洁生产制度、倡导绿色生活理念、建立霾预警制度、制定应急方案、研发新技术等。     

谈高效节能的褐煤应用技术

褐煤,一种煤化程度较低的易燃化石,在全球的煤炭储量中占据40％。在目前全球以化石能源为主体的结构下,褐煤的综合利用越来越受到世界能源专家的重视。本文主要讨论褐煤在发电、深加工等方面的节能利用技术。     

装备外部冷却方法及在环境试验中的应用概述

首先简述了机载电子装备冷却的基本要素。其次,详细介绍了机载电子装备环控通风冷却、液体冷却方式的具体要求及不同的接口方式。然后,通过实例介绍了装备的不同冷却方式、方法及在实际中的应用。通过试验研究发现,不同的冷却方式不仅对机载电子装备本身有不同程度的影响,还对机载电子装备在环境试验过程中产生极大的影响,从而提出在实际应用中,应着重依据分析的内容考虑机载电子装备需采用的冷却方式,以达到最好的实施效果。     

Nitrite pre-treatment of dewatered sludge for microbial fuel cell application

The effect of pre-treatment of dewatered sludge using different nitrite concentrations and pH for microbial fuel cell (MFC) application was investigated. The results show that the addition of nitrite was feasible to increase the solubilization rate of the sludge and may reduce mass transfer limitation at the anode. This helped the MFC to reach higher voltage and to generate more power. The higher free nitrous acid (FNA) concentration under the acidic condition helped to increase sludge solubilization. However, under an alkaline condition, during which the FNA concentration was relatively low, the solubilization of the sludge was higher. The highest voltage and power density produced was 390?mV and 153?mW/m², respectively, with the addition of nitrite at 100?mg-N/L and pH?9. Furthermore, it was found that elevated levels of FNA could inhibit electrogenic bacteria thus reducing power generation.