类黄酮生物活性的研究进展

类黄酮是一大类从高等植物中提取的可食用的多酚类物质,具有抗氧化和自由基清除活性,对人体具有营养及医疗价值,如抗病毒、抗癌、保护神经系统和心血管系统等.在类黄酮体外及体内生物活性的研究中,近年又出现一种新的观点,认为类黄酮可作为细胞信号传导途径的调节因子,并能影响基因的表达.图2参28     

聚铁型水中硫化氢清除剂合成及性能评价

设计和搭建了一种用于快速评价水中硫化氢清除剂清除效果的评价方法和实验装置。合成了具有一定聚合度和碱度的聚铁型清除剂,并与市售的水中硫化氢清除剂产品进行了对比实验,取得了优于市售清除剂的实验效果。     

泥炭和腐植酸类物质在环境保护中的应用

本文叙述了泥炭的形成、组成、结构、泥炭及腐植酸类物质在环境保护中的广泛应用：用泥炭净化被放射性污染的废水；用泥炭除去废水中的重金属离子；用泥炭净化工业和城市污水；泥炭对水中石油及其产品的吸附；泥炭对大气中有害气体的清除．因此，泥炭和腐植酸类物质是净化生物圈的宝贵资源．     

柠檬酸-Fe（Ⅱ）／K2S2O8降解泥水体系中敌草隆的研究

研究了泥水体系中柠檬酸-Fe（Ⅱ）／K2SO8降解敌草隆时各影响因子的作用机制,通过正交实验确定了反应的最佳操作条件为：K2SO8浓度为2．0mmol／L,Fe（Ⅱ）浓度为1．0mmol／L,柠檬酸浓度为0．5mmol／L,反应时间为120min,pH=7．0。此奈件下,0．1mmol／L敌草隆降解率可达97．6％。采用分子探针竞争实验鉴定了体系中产生的硫酸根自由基。     

Development of an eco-ideation tool to identify stepwise greenhouse gas emissions reduction options for consumer goods

Pressure on consumer goods manufacturers to develop new products with significantly less environmental impact is growing, through increased consumer awareness of environmental issues and governments setting ambitious emissions reductions targets. A strategic response to this pressure is to prepare a portfolio of innovative product ideas to meet a range of future emissions reductions targets. However, although extensive work exists on ideation (the generation of novel product ideas) and eco-design (design for reduced environmental impact), eco-ideation (generation of ideas that particularly aim to reduce environmental impacts) has had little attention. The challenge of eco-ideation is to release the creativity of a broad range of employees, only few of whom may be familiar with the drivers of environmental impact.This paper proposes a novel tool to facilitate the generation of radical product and process ideas giving step-change reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The features of products and processes that drive greenhouse gas emissions across the product life cycle were characterized with a set of indicators. A simple visual tool was created to show these indicators on a sliding scale between best and worst imaginable performance. A leading question associated with each slider was designed to stimulate lower impact ideas. The tool was iteratively refined and simplified through structured testing with individuals from across a range of roles and differing knowledge of environmental impacts. The final eco-ideation tool used 14 scales, with leading questions for each scale developed to stimulate idea generation.The tool’s effectiveness was evaluated through use in a series of 15 individual workshops and compared with the outcomes of an equal number of conventional 12-person group-brainstorming sessions. The comparison suggests that using the simple tool generally leads to a wider range of more radical ideas than emerge from group brainstorming.     

Detection of fullerenes (C60 and C70) in commercial cosmetics

Detection methods are necessary to quantify fullerenes in commercial applications to provide potential exposure levels for future risk assessments of fullerene technologies. The fullerene concentrations of five cosmetic products were evaluated using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry to separate and specifically detect C₆₀ and C₇₀ from interfering cosmetic substances (e.g., castor oil). A cosmetic formulation was characterized with transmission electron microscopy, which confirmed that polyvinylpyrrolidone encapsulated C₆₀. Liquid-liquid extraction of fullerenes from control samples approached 100% while solid-phase and sonication in toluene extractions yielded recoveries of 27-42%. C₆₀ was detected in four commercial cosmetics ranging from 0.04 to 1.1 μg/g, and C₇₀ was qualitatively detected in two samples. A single-use quantity of cosmetic (0.5 g) may contain up to 0.6 μg of C₆₀, demonstrating a pathway for human exposure. Steady-state modeling of fullerene adsorption to biosolids is used to discuss potential environmental releases from wastewater treatment systems.     

氨基咪唑类甲醛捕获剂去除人造板中游离甲醛

采用1-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑作为甲醛捕获剂,研究去除人造板中游离甲醛的方法。在单因素实验基础上,根据中心组合设计原理,采用4因素3水平的响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定最佳甲醛捕获工艺条件。结果表明,当1-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑用量为0.6 g,温度17℃,反应时间48 min,反应体系的pH值为9.0时,捕获率为85.21%。所以,1-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑化合物对人造板中的游离甲醛有较好的捕获能力。     

甲醛捕捉剂的研究热点和发展方向

简要介绍了人造板及其他工业产品中甲醛的来源及其对人体健康的危害,综述了甲醛捕捉剂的种类、应用、施加方式及研究现状,并对以后的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

A critical review on the technique and mechanism of microwave-based denitrification in flue gas

Microwave radiation has received extensive attention due to its significant thermal and non-thermal effects, and the development of MW-based denitrification in flue gas has become one of the most promising methods to avoid the defects of ammonia escape, high temperature and cost in traditional SCR. This review introduces the thermal and non-thermal effects of microwaves and divides MW-based denitrification methods into MW reduction and oxidation denitrification, systematically summarizes these denitrification methods, including MW discharge reduction, MW-induced catalytic reduction using active carbon, molecular sieves, metal oxides (transition metals, perovskites, etc.), MW-induced oxidation denitrification with and without additional oxidant, and discusses their removal pathway and mechanism. Finally, several research prospects and directions regarding the development of microwave-based denitrification methods are provided.     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol with functionalized carbon materials as catalysts：Reaction mechanism and pathway

The development of highly active carbon material catalysts in catalytic wet air oxidation（CWAO）has attracted a great deal of attention. In this study different carbon material catalysts（multi-walled carbon nanotubes,carbon fibers and graphite） were developed to enhance the CWAO of phenol in aqueous solution. The functionalized carbon materials exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the CWAO of phenol. After 60 min reaction,the removal of phenol was nearly100% over the functionalized multi-walled carbon,while it was only 14% over the purified multi-walled carbon under the same reaction conditions. Carboxylic acid groups introduced on the surface of the functionalized carbon materials play an important role in the catalytic activity in CWAO. They can promote the production of free radicals,which act as strong oxidants in CWAO. Based on the analysis of the intermediates produced in the CWAO reactions,a new reaction pathway for the CWAO of phenol was proposed in this study. There are some differences between the proposed reaction pathway and that reported in the literature. First,maleic acid is transformed directly into malonic acid. Second,acetic acid is oxidized into an unknown intermediate,which is then oxidized into CO2 and H2O. Finally,formic acid and oxalic acid can mutually interconvert when conditions are favorable.