模拟实验研究煤矿酸性水中Co、Ni、Zn、Cd、Al、Cr、As、Pb可溶性金属迁移行为

通过模拟煤矿酸性水环境,对来自2个不同产地的煤系非均质黄铁矿样品进行了不同固液比的淋滤实验,对反应体系物理化学状态以及其中的Co、Ni、Zn、Cd、Al、Cr、As、Pb8种元素的释放行为进行了长达312h跟踪检测和对比.结果显示,在2种不同来源的煤系黄铁矿样品反应体系中,Co、Ni、Zn、Cd的释放行为均为持续升高,说明这些元素的释放受体系中物理化学状态的影响相对较小,在液相中具有较高的迁移行为;Al、Cr、As、Pb在不同样品体系中的释放行为差异较大,受到体系pH值、吸附及共沉淀作用等因素的影响,是相对不易迁移的元素.煤矿酸性水环境中元素释放和迁移行为主要受到黄铁矿的氧化还原反应速率、反应体系介质pH值和围岩矿物学性质3个宏观因素控制.     

黄河包头段水环境中稀土元素的形态及分布特征

把干流和接纳工业污水的支流的上覆水、悬浮物及表层沉积物作为整体,利用等离子质谱法,对黄河包头段有关环境要素中稀土元素的形态及分布特征进行了系统研究.结果表明,干流上覆水中稀土元素主要以悬浮态形式存在,溶解态含量极微;接纳工业污水的支流上覆水中稀土元素主要以溶解态为主,且悬浮态∑REE和溶解态∑REE明显高于干流;干流悬浮态∑REE和溶解态∑REE,以及表层沉积物和悬浮物中稀土元素含量沿程变化均表现自对照断面至重点排污河段逐渐升高,于四道沙河入黄河口后的下游D站位达到极值,又至削减断面下降的趋势.包头市工业废水对黄河包头段干流稀土元素,特别是轻稀土元素具有明显的迭加作用.干流颗粒物中稀土元素分布模式均属于轻稀土富集,Eu中度亏损型.四道沙河入黄口后的下游D站位颗粒物中轻稀土元素分布模式曲线形状与中国黄土及其他站位均有一定差别,显示有来自包头市工业废水的外源稀土,特别是轻稀土元素的加入;其他站位稀土元素分布模式曲线形状与中国黄土基本一致.干流和接纳工业污水的支流表层沉积物与悬浮物中稀土元素各形态含量分布的顺序均为残渣态碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态>有机质结合态可交换态;接纳工业污水的支流表层沉积物与悬浮物中稀土元素的可交换态明显高于干流.     

应用稳态酸化模型计算酸沉降临界负荷

应用稳定状态土壤化学模型ＰＲＯＦＩＬＥ计算了柳州薄层砂页岩红壤和地表水的酸沉降临界负荷。对模型所需参数,建立了系统完整的收集、测量与计算方法,得到柳州地区针叶林植被区域由湿沉降计算总沉降的经验公式。     

土壤和茶树对稀土元素的富集作用

稀土元素广泛应用于作物增产,但它对生态环境的影响却不甚了解,春茶萌芽时使用稀释300倍的稀土微肥南大2998茶素喷施叶面,分别于3、6、9、12个月时测定土壤和茶树中稀土元素的含量变化和累积情况。结果指出：施用稀土后短时间内,土壤和茶树中稀土元素的含量均比未施用稀土时有不同程度的增加,经过较长时间后,上层土壤中的稀土元素向下层土壤迁移,并在下层土壤中富集;而茶树的根、茎中稀土含量均表现为下降,叶中的含量呈不同变化趋势,即铈组稀土含量上升3.74mg/kg,钇组稀土含量下降0.91mg/kg,表明茶叶对铈组稀土有较强的富集作用。     

用一级动力学微分方程研究流动法中红壤吸附铜动力学

本文主要运用一级动力学微分方程研究流动法中红壤吸附铜的动力学特征。实验结果表明,反应过程总速率受扩散作用的限制。在低吸附量区域里总速率由外表面扩散速率决定;在高吸附量区域里总速率由内表面扩散速率决定。在恒定温度和pH值后,红壤吸附铜的理论饱和吸附量x_∞几乎不受流速、浓度的影响,基本为一定值;相反实测饱和吸附量x_∞受流速及浓度的影响。理论x_∞>实测x_∞。     

模拟酸雨对山东主要土壤类型理化性质的影响

以ｐＨ２、３、４、５的模拟酸雨,对山东省棕壤,褐土,潮土,砂姜黑土,盐渍土等５种土壤进行了１－１０ａ室内淋洗土柱试验,结果表明,除棕壤在ｐＨ２的模拟酸雨淋洗第４ａ开始酸化以外,其余４种土壤１０ａ淋滤波ｐＨ值均大于７;模拟酸雨淋洗土壤１０ａ,土壤淋失盐基总量是褐土〉砂姜黑〉盐渍土〉潮土〉棕壤,盐基离子对酸雨的敏感性为Ｃａ＾２＋〉Ｍｇ＾２＋〉Ｋ＾＋,Ｎａ＾＋模拟酸雨对土壤中活化作用是除棕壤ｐＨ２出现活     

Element Levels in Snakes in South Carolina: Differences Between a Control Site and Exposed Site on the Savannah River Site

Levels of 18 elements, including lead, mercury, selenium, and uranium, were examined in three species of snakes from an exposed and reference site on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina. We tested the hypotheses that there were no differences as a function of species, and there were no difference between the exposed and control site for blood and muscle (tail) samples for banded water snake (Nerodia fasciata), brown water snake (N. taxispilota) and cottonmouth (Akistrodon piscivorous). The banded water snakes collected were significantly smaller than the other two species. For blood, there were significant species differences only for barium, copper, selenium, uranium and zinc, while for muscle tissue there were significant interspecific differences in aluminum, arsenic, barium, cobalt, cesium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, manganese, strontium, vanadium and zinc, suggesting that muscle tissue in the tail is a better indicator of potential interspecific differences. It is also easier logistically to collect tail tissue than blood. Where one species had significantly higher levels than the other species in muscle tissue levels, cottonmouth had higherlevels of five elements (aluminum, cobalt, lead, mercury, vanadium), brown water snake had two (lead, strontium), and banded water snake had only barium. There were few significant differences between the control and reference site for levels of blood, but several for muscle tissue. All three species had significantly higher levels of arsenic and manganese at Tim's Branch than the reference site, and nickel and uranium were significantly higher for banded watersnake and cottonmouth, the larger species. Individuals with high exposure of one element were exposed to high levels of other elements.     

稀土氧化物在烟气脱硫过程中的应用研究进展

目前烟气脱硫是控制ＳＯ２排放最有效的途径之一。本文综述了以稀土氧化物作为吸收剂或催化剂在烟气脱硫过程中应用的研究进展,重点介绍了稀土氧化物吸收或催化脱硫反应的机理及特殊性能,并对稀土氧化物材料吸收或催化脱硫方法的特点及应用前景进行了讨论。     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中稀土元素

建立了偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中稀土元素的方法,该方法较传统的方法具有前处理简单、测量自动化程度高、灵敏度高和检出限低(检出限范围为0.05~2.80 mg/kg)等优点。对土壤和沉积物标准物质的测定结果表明:测定结果与认定值能较好吻合,相对标准偏差范围为0.2%~9.4%,能满足测试的需求。分别用该方法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对实际样品进行测定,2种方法的测定结果有较好的一致性,表明该方法测定结果准确可靠,可用于实际样品的测定。     

Dechlorination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) by Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles: Comparison with nZVI,degradation mechanism,and pathways

Frontiers of Environmental Science &; Engineering - Acclimation is the main method to enhance the productivity of microorganisms in environmental biotechnology, but it remains uncertain how...