等应变速率拉伸测m值的方法

此文介绍了一种应变速率恒定条件下测应变速率敏感指数m值的方法,其特点是严格、直观、准确.     

绵阳市城区空气优化布点的模糊聚类分析

本文介绍了通过硫酸盐化速率测定,运用模糊聚类分析,进行空气中SO_2监测布点优化研究的方法。     

丙烯酸改性三羟甲基丙烷聚醚破乳剂合成及应用研究

通过正交实验对丙烯酸改性破乳剂的聚合工艺条件进行研究。针对辽河油田锦采原油为研究对象,以原油破乳剂的相对脱水率为评价标准,确定了最佳的丙烯酸改性破乳剂的聚合工艺条件,最佳工艺条件是：引发剂量：3．5Wt％;聚合温度90—95℃：老化时间1．5h：滴加时间2．5h：调节剂用量：1．9Wt％。新研制破乳剂脱水性能优于市售原油破乳剂。     

初始氨氮浓度对钝顶螺旋藻生长及其去除率的影响

螺旋藻是一种经济价值很高的微藻,研究氨氮对钝顶螺旋藻生长及其去除水中氨氮效率的影响,探讨其在废水处理中的可行性具有重要意义。结果表明,以硫酸铵作为氮源时,钝顶螺旋藻的对数期一般在4～6 d,随着氨氮浓度的升高对数期略有提前。钝顶螺旋藻对硫酸氨的耐受浓度为0.5 g/L,相应的氨氮浓度为106 mg/L。培养4～6 d时氨氮浓度下降幅度最大,培养结束时氨氮去除率为67.7%～82.5%,当硫酸铵投加量为0.4 g/L时,氨氮去除率最高,达82.6%。因此,螺旋藻可用于去除废水中的氨氮,具有很好的应用前景。     

浅析城考指标"汽车尾气达标率"

根据城市环境综合整治定量考核指标"汽车尾气达标率"的定义、解释及其实施规定,结合实际,针对性地分析了客观存在的问题,并提出一些可行性建议。     

Kinetics of nitromusk compounds degradation in water by ultraviolet radiation and hydrogen peroxide

The photodegradation of five representative nitromusk compounds in water has been performed in a stirred batch photoreactor with a UV low-pressure immersed mercury lamp, at constant temperature and different doses of hydrogen peroxide. The rate constants have been calculated on the basis of experimental data and a postulated first-order kinetic model. The rate constants, at 298 K and a dose of 1.1746 μmol l⁻¹ H₂O₂ ranges from 0.3567 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ for musk tibetene, to 1.785 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ for musk ambrette.     

A stochastic forest fire growth model

We consider a stochastic fire growth model, with the aim of predicting the behaviour of large forest fires. Such a model can describe not only average growth, but also the variability of the growth. Implementing such a model in a computing environment allows one to obtain probability contour plots, burn size distributions, and distributions of time to specified events. Such a model also allows the incorporation of a stochastic spotting mechanism.

基于锥形量热仪实验的卷烟及其包装材料燃烧特性研究

用ISO5660锥形量热仪研究了成品卷烟及其包装材料的燃烧特性,获得了这些材料在不同热辐射强度下的点燃时间和热释放速率等火灾特性参数.结果表明:烟支及其包装材料受热辐射时均可被点燃,热辐射强度越大,引燃时间越短;随辐射强度的升高样品的热释放速率呈递增趋势;在较强热辐射强度(≥25 kW/m2)下,组合样品的火灾危险性相对较大.     

Nonideal transport of contaminants in heterogeneous porous media: 9 - impact of contact time on desorption and elution tailing

A series of miscible-displacement experiments was conducted to examine the impact of sorption contact time on desorption and elution of trichloroethene from a well-characterized soil. A large number of contact times were examined, spanning 1 h to 4 years (∼2 × 10⁶ h). Effluent trichloroethene concentrations were monitored over a range of greater than six orders of magnitude, allowing characterization of potential asymptotic tailing. The results of the column experiments showed that trichloroethene exhibited extensive elution tailing for all experiments. Each increase in contact time resulted in a successive increase in the extent of tailing. In total, the number of pore volumes of water flushing required to reach the analytical detection limit increased from approximately 1000 for the 1-h contact time to almost 9000 for the 4-year contact time. These results indicate that a contact time of less than 1 h produced a sorbed phase that is relatively resistant to desorption, and that a progressive increase in resistance to desorption occurred with increased contact time. A mathematical model incorporating nonlinear, rate-limited sorption/desorption described by a continuous-distribution reaction function was used to successfully simulate the measured data. The nonlinear sorption, the apparent rapid development of desorption resistance, and the progressive increase in resistance with increasing contact time are consistent with behavior anticipated for sorbate interactions with hard-carbon components of the soil.     

Effective rates of heavy metal release from alkaline wastes--quantified by column outflow experiments and inverse simulations

Column outflow experiments operated at steady state flow conditions do not allow the identification of rate limited release processes. This requires an alternative experimental methodology. In this study, the aim was to apply such a methodology in order to identify and quantify effective release rates of heavy metals from granular wastes. Column experiments were conducted with demolition waste and municipal waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash using different flow velocities and multiple flow interruptions. The effluent was analyzed for heavy metals, DOC, electrical conductivity and pH. The breakthrough-curves were inversely modeled with a numerical code based on the advection–dispersion equation with first order mass-transfer and nonlinear interaction terms. Chromium, Copper, Nickel and Arsenic are usually released under non-equilibrium conditions. DOC might play a role as carrier for those trace metals. By inverse simulations, generally good model fits are derived. Although some parameters are correlated and some model deficiencies can be revealed, we are able to deduce physically reasonable release-mass-transfer time scales. Applying forward simulations, the parameter space with equifinal parameter sets was delineated. The results demonstrate that the presented experimental design is capable of identifying and quantifying non-equilibrium conditions. They show also that the possibility of rate limited release must not be neglected in release and transport studies involving inorganic contaminants.