捕尘过滤材料清洗再生实验研究

空气颗粒物过滤材料作为一次性使用的耗材,在阻力升高至一定值时就被更换并抛弃,不仅使过滤系统成本增加,而且会产生二次污染,不利于生态环保。通过实验探究滤料清洗再生的方法,研究了MES表面活性剂浓度、温度、清洗时间对清洗效果的影响。结果表明:温度为25℃、MES溶液质量分数为0.7%、清洗时间为30 min时的清洗效果最佳,清洁度可达97%,结合超声波辅助时可使清洁度增至99.2%,经过4次清洗再生后,滤料的阻力、效率与纤维力学性能未发生明显变化,证明了该方法在工业应用中的可能性。     

Protonated acetone ion chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for real-time measurement of atmospheric ammonia

Ammonia (NH₃) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, it can affect the formation of secondary aerosols and particulate matter, and cause soil eutrophication through sedimentation. Currently, the use of radioactive primary reagent ion source and the humidity interference on the sensitivity and stability are the two major issues faced by chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) in the analysis of atmospheric ammonia. In this work, a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) Kr lamp was used to replace the radioactive source, and acetone was ionized under atmospheric pressure to obtain protonated acetone reagent ions to ionize ammonia. The ionization source is designed as a separated three-zone structure, and even 90 vol.% high-humidity samples can still be directly analyzed with a sensitivity of sub-ppbv. A signal normalization processing method was designed, and with this new method, the quantitative relative standard deviation (RSD) of the instrument was decreased from 17.5% to 9.1%, and the coefficient of determination was increased from 0.8340 to 0.9856. The humidity correction parameters of the instrument were calculated from different humidity, and the ammonia concentrations obtained under different humidity were converted to its concentration under zero humidity condition with these correction parameters. The analytical time for a single sample is only 60 sec, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 8.59 pptv (signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 3). The ambient measurement made in Qingdao, China, in January 2021 with this newly designed CIMS, showed that the concentration of ammonia ranged from 1 to 130 ppbv.     

超声机械效应致裂煤岩增渗规律研究

超声机械效应致裂煤岩过程中裂纹的萌生、扩展过程及增渗规律仅凭借物理实验无法得到,煤岩破裂能量变化、煤岩应力-应变关系及储层渗透特性变化缺乏深入的研究。结合CT观测及渗透率的气测实验对煤岩破裂声发射、有效声压及声波对煤岩体裂纹扩展规律进行了深入探讨;开展了超声机械效应致裂煤岩的数值试验研究。结果表明:煤岩破裂过程应力变化率和煤岩声发射现象具有一致性;有效声压的增大有利于裂纹扩展和贯穿,使煤岩体内部原本互不相通的裂纹裂隙形成了相互贯通的网络,从而提高了煤岩的渗透率。     

超声波强化剩余活性污泥缺氧/好氧消化的研究

试验选取超声波声能密度,超声时间、超声间隔3个因素没计正交实验,研究了超声波对城市污水剩余活性污泥(WAS)的缺氧/好氧消化的作用.结果表明,经超声辐照的WAS缺氧/好氧消化9天后,MLVSS去除率最高达50.9%,比未经超声辐照的提高了14.4%.对实验结果的分析表明,超声波强化WAS的缺氧/好氧消化的最佧参数为:超...     

Synergistic effects of non-thermal plasma-assisted catalyst and ultrasound on toluene removal

A wire-mesh catalyst coated by La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ was combined with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor for toluene removal at atmospheric pressure. It was found that toluene removal efficiency and carbon dioxide selectivity were enhanced in the catalytic packed-bed reactor. In addition, ozone and nitrogen monoxide from the gas effluent byproducts decreased. This is the first time that ultrasound combined with plasma has been used for toluene removal. A synergistic effect on toluene removal was observed in the plasma-assisted ultrasound system. At the same time, the system increased toluene conversion and reduced ozone emission.     

三维非恒定流水环境实时数学模拟方法

本文采用Patankar 提出的控制体税法和乘方律插值分布,建立了无条件稳定、收敛的三级非恒定流水环境实时数学模型。文中提出了“分离表层水体"的方法,较好地解决了复朵的边界地形和自由表面的非恒定运动等问题;采用顺序解法节省了计算所需的内存量及加快了求解速度。该模型在珠江口东侧水域得到了广泛的应用,效果良好。      

H2O超声过程中H2O2生成动力学

采用50kHz超声清洗槽式声化学反应器,以纯水为空化液体,研究了超声过程中H2O2生成动力学．分别探讨了空化气体种类(Ar,O2)及组成与流量、空化液体体积与反应器形状对H2O2生成速率及产率的影响．结果表明,超声过程中H2O2的生成可采用零级反应动力学方程来进行描述．在此频率下和考察范围内,采用Ar作为空化气体比O2更有利于H2O2的生成．当混合气体组成为Ar:O2=70：30(V/V)时,H2O2的生成速率最快．随着空化气体流量的增加,H2O2产率增加,随后降低．增加空化液体的体积,H2O2的生成速率降低．与锥形瓶相比,圆底烧瓶中H2O2的产率明显降低．     

Fused CFD-interpolation model for real-time prediction of hazardous gas dispersion in emergency rescue

Accidental releases of hazardous gases in chemical industries can pose great threats to public security. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is commonly applied to predict gas dispersion in complex structured areas. It can provide good accuracy but it is too time-consuming to be used in emergency response. To reduce computation time while keep acceptable accuracy, this paper proposes several fused CFD-interpolation models which combine CFD model with different interpolation methods. Spline, linear and nearest interpolation methods are used. A CFD simulations database is created ahead of time which can be quickly recalled for emergency usage and unknown situations can be predicted instantly by interpolation methods instead of time-consuming CFD model. Fused models were applied to a case study involving a hypothetical propane release with varying conditions and validated against CFD model. The validation shows that prediction accuracy of these fusion models is acceptable. Among these models, CFD-Spline interpolation model performs best. It is faster than CFD model by a factor of 75 and is potentially a good method to be applied to real-time prediction.     

超声协同Fenton法处理有机废水的研究进展

超声协同Fenton法是利用超声的空化效应及自由基效应强化Fenton法对废水的处理效率,实现两者对废水中有机污染物的协同降解。概述了超声与Fenton法处理废水的协同机制。综述了废水pH、催化剂和H₂O₂投加量、超声功率、温度等工艺条件的优化研究,催化剂的研发以及共存物质的影响研究等方面的进展。指出开发新型高效、可重复利用、廉价易得的催化剂是提高超声协同Fenton法降解有机污染物效率的关键,还可将超声、Fenton法或超声协同Fenton法与其他的氧化法或生化方法相结合,寻找更加安全、高效、低成本的新途径。