Performance of the hybrid growth sequencing batch reactor (HG-SBR) for biodegradation of phenol under various toxicity conditions

Hybrid growth microorganisms in sequencing batch reactors have proven effective for treating the toxic compound phenol, but the toxicity effect under different toxicity conditions has rarely been discussed. Therefore, the performance of the HG-SBR under toxic, acute and chronic organic loading can provide the overall operating conditions of the system. Toxic organic loading(TOL) was monitored during the first 7 hr while introducing50 mg/L phenol to the system. The system was adversely affected with the sudden introduction of phenol to the virgin activated sludge, which caused a low degradation rate and high dissolved oxygen consumption during TOL. Acute organic loading(AOL) had significant effects at high phenol concentrations(600, 800 1000 mg/L). The specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR) gradually decreased to 4.9 mg O_2/(g MLVSS·hr) at 1000 mg/L of phenol compared to 12.74 mg O_2/(g MLVSS·hr) for 200 mg/L of phenol. The HG-SBR was further monitored during chronic organic loading(COL) over 67 days. The effects of organic loading were more apparent at 800 mg/L and 1000 mg/L phenol concentrations, as the removal range was between 22%–30% and 18%–46% respectively, which indicated the severe effects of COL.     

Effect of catalyzed diesel particulate filter and its catalyst loading on emission characteristics of a non-road diesel engine

In this study, the effects of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) coupled with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) with different catalyst loadings on the power, fuel consumption, gaseous and particulate emissions from a non-road diesel engine were investigated. Results showed that the after-treatment had a negligible effect on the power and fuel consumption. The reduction effect of the DOC on the CO and hydrocarbon (HC) increased with the engine load. Further reductions occurred coupling with the CDPF. Increasing the catalyst loading resulted in a more significant reduction in the HC emissions than CO emissions. The DOC could increase the NO₂ proportion to 37.9%, and more NO₂ was produced when coupled with the CDPF below 250°C; above 250°C, more NO₂ was consumed. The after-treatment could reduce more than 99% of the particle number (PN) and 98% of the particle mass (PM). Further reductions in the PN and PM occurred with a higher CDPF catalyst loading. The DOC had a better reduction effect on the nucleation particles than the accumulation ones, but the trend reversed with the CDPF. The DOC shifted the particle size distribution (PSD) to larger particles with an accumulation particle proportion increasing from 13% to 20%, and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased from 18.2 to 26.0 nm. The trend reversed with the CDPF and the accumulation particle proportion declined to less than 10%. A lower catalyst loading on the CDPF led to a higher proportion of nucleation particles and a smaller GMD.     

国际规章对散装液本危险货物作业码头及装卸操作的要求与现状

在回顾现有国际规章对散装液体危险货物作业码头及装卸操作要求的基础上，分析了中国相关码头及作业现状，提出了在安全和防污染等方面需要研究解决的问题。     

容积负荷对ABR-MBR工艺反硝化除磷性能的影响

采用连续流ABR-MBR组合工艺处理生活污水,研究不同容积负荷(volume loading rate,VLR)对该工艺反硝化除磷性能的影响,获得最佳工艺参数.试验考察ABR进水容积负荷(以COD计,下同)分别为0.76、1.01、1.51和2.27 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)时系统去碳脱氮除磷的性能,并在各ABR容积负荷条件下考察MBR容积负荷对MBR反应器硝化性能的影响.结果表明,在ABR进水容积负荷为1.51 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)的条件下,系统A2隔室COD去除量最大,并在MBR容积负荷为0.462 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)时,MBR反应器中实现了短程硝化,系统NH_4~+-N和TN去除率分别达到90%和72%以上,厌氧释磷量为7.41 mg·L~(-1),缺氧吸磷量达到15.42 mg·L~(-1),出水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度低于0.5 mg·L~(-1),这表明短程硝化更有利于强化ABR-MBR系统的反硝化除磷性能.     

人工快速渗滤系统的工程应用

通过工程实例讨论了人工快速渗滤系统(CRI)的工艺过程和处理效果,结果除总磷外,处理生活污水其出水CODCr为5. 0～2 6 . 0mg L ,SS为1 .7～10. 0mg L ,NH3 N为0 . 30～2 .31mg L ;处理受污染的河流水时,其出水CODCr为8. 0～2 6 . 0mg L ,BOD5为1. 0～6 . 0mg L ,SS为2. 0～6 .0mg L ,NH3 N为0 . 17～2. 5 4mg L ,均能达到相应的处理要求,是值得推广的一项新型处理工艺。     

合成盐酸中酸性废水的综合治理

对合成盐酸中的酸性废水循环利用,并用此酸性水作为生产普通盐酸的吸收水.实践证明,该方法是一种行之有效的治理途径,有较好的环境和经济效益.     

曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水的研究

曝气物滤池使用了新型的粒状填料,能同时发挥生物降解,过滤和吸附等多种功能。实验结果表明：曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水效果较好,当ＣＯＤ容积负荷为１０ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,在０．８ｍ／ｈ、１．４ｍ／ｈ和２．５ｍ／ｈ３种不同水力负荷下ＣＯＤ的出水度分别在５９ｍｇ／Ｌ、８２ｍｇ／Ｌ和５１ｍｇ／Ｌ以下;     

污泥负荷对生物处理系统耐药细菌的影响研究

为了研究污水生物处理工艺中抗药性细菌生长和分布特性及污泥负荷的影响,构建了不同处理负荷的活性污泥工艺,并以磺胺嘧啶抗性异养菌为例,阐述了污泥负荷对活性污泥系统中典型抗药细菌的生长及排放特性的影响.结果表明,污泥负荷增大有利于磺胺嘧啶抗性异养菌的生长繁殖,负荷提高后净比生长速率和细菌产量分别由0.32d-1和2.3×106CFU/d提高至0.33d-1和3.1×106CFU/d,活性污泥、出水和剩余污泥中抗药菌的浓度也均显著提高(P < 0.05),但对抗药细菌的相对丰度无显著改变.低污泥负荷下[0.24kg COD/(kg MLSS?d)]抗药细菌主要通过剩余污泥形式排放,排放量比(泥中排放量/水中排放量)为28.4;负荷提高至0.4kg COD/(kg MLSS?d)后,出水抗药细菌排放量显著提高,排放量比为1.1.处理相同水量,高污泥负荷下排放的抗药细菌总量明显降低,提高污泥负荷有利于活性污泥系统抗药性风险的控制.     

基于积尘负荷的西安市铺装道路扬尘排放研究

近年来城市颗粒物污染问题日渐突出,严重影响着人们的环境幸福指数和对美好环境的期待.道路扬尘作为城市扬尘的重要组成部分,对颗粒物污染的贡献不容小觑.在此背景下,采用积尘负荷法采集西安市快速路、主干道、次干道、支路等4种类型25条道路的道路扬尘样品,并分析采样速率、采样次数等因素对采样效率的影响.在此基础上,计算得到西安市...     

高蛋白有机废弃物厌氧消化系统稳定性及其耐氨氮机制解析

病死及自然灾害产生的大量畜禽尸体的不恰当处理处置会带来较为严重的环境卫生和公众安全隐患.本研究利用厌氧消化技术对畜禽尸体这类高蛋白有机废弃物的无害化处理进行尝试,旨在探索其适宜的有机负荷条件、系统的稳定性及潜在的氨抑制风险.研究表明高蛋白有机废物(以猪肉作为实验样品)作为厌氧消化基质时,系统稳定运行的有机负荷能够达倒(4.76±0.41)kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1);同时,VS降解率、单位体积沼气产率、单位添加VS沼气产率、单位降解VS沼气产率以及甲烷含量分别能达到95%、(3.72±0.21)L·L~(-1)·d~(-1)、(0.78±0.02)m~3·kg~(-1)、(0.82±0.02)m~3·kg~(-1)以及65%.在该条件下,TAN和FAN的浓度与系统产气性能没有直接线性关系,且在浓度高达5700 mg·L~(-1)和700 mg·L~(-1)时未呈现对系统的明显抑制作用.454高通量焦磷酸测序法对系统内古菌种群相对密度的分析结果表明,系统中氨抑制问题得到一定程度的缓解或者消除的原因可能为甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)的优势地位并未受到明显影响,以及整个产甲烷菌种群在系统运行过程所得到的明显驯化.