爆炸冲击载荷作用下双层钢板混凝土板与钢筋混凝土板动态响应对比研究

本文借助于通用显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA,采用流固耦合方法,分别对具有相同含钢量的双层钢板混凝土组合简支板和钢筋混凝土简支板两种结构在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的动态响应进行了数值模拟,其中空气和炸药采用ALE网格,简支板采用Lagrange网格,炸药采用JWL状态方程。通过对比分析,得到如下结果:在本文给定的计算条件下,当爆炸距离为0.5 m时,双层钢板混凝土组合简支板中心最大位移明显小于传统的钢筋混凝土简支板,具有更好的抗爆性;当爆炸距离增大到5 m时,两种简支板中心最大位移趋于一致;在爆炸冲击载荷作用下钢筋混凝土板下层出现明显的剥落,而由于钢板的约束,双层钢板混凝土组合简支板并未出现剥落现象。     

飞机结构健康监控模拟加载试验系统的设计

设计了飞机结构健康监控模拟加载试验系统,包括加载平台系统、大应变测试精度试验验证模块和关键部位模拟试验模块,用于研究传感器敷设方法对测试精度的影响,为光纤传感技术在飞机结构监测中的应用研究提供技术基础和理论依据。     

DEM分辨率及子流域划分对AnnAGNPS模型模拟的影响

 针对大中尺度流域非点源污染模拟精度与运算效率的突出矛盾,选取数据精度与空间离散化2个关键影响因素,讨论数字高程模型(DEM)分辨率和临界源面积(CSA)取值对AnnAGNPS模型模拟结果的影响.分别比较了7组CSA取值及8组不同DEM分辨率对华北潮河流域大阁子流域AnnAGNPS模型参数提取及模拟结果的影响.研究发现,CSA取值对汇水单元的数量、地表径流量、泥沙以及总氮的模拟有很大的影响.随着CSA取值的增大,地表径流量变化不大;泥沙先逐渐增大,后呈减少趋势;总磷负荷的变化趋势不明显;总氮负荷呈逐渐减少的趋势.选择合适的CSA是流域AGNPS模型模拟的基础.DEM是分布式水文模型的基础数据,研究表明:DEM分辨率对坡度有较大的影响.随着DEM分辨率的降低,径流量变化不大;土壤侵蚀和总氮负荷变化却十分明显,当DEM分辨率从30m逐渐降低至60m时,泥沙输出及总氮负荷迅速减小,总磷呈现先减小后逐渐稳定的趋势,但变化幅度小于总氮和泥沙.当DEM分辨率小于60m,泥沙和总氮的输出随分辨率降低下降缓慢.以30m和50m DEM为例,通过不同精度的DEM坡度回归分析,建立了低精度DEM坡度修正的方法.用修正后的坡度进行AnnAGNPS模型模拟计算,结果表明坡度修正对泥沙、总氮、总磷的模拟有不同程度的改善.     

Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California’s Central Valley1

Saleh, Dina K., David L. Lorenz, and Joseph L. Domagalski, 2010. Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California’s Central Valley. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 00(0):1‐11. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00506.x Abstract: Mass loadings were calculated for four pesticides in two watersheds with different land uses in the Central Valley, California, by using two parametric models: (1) the Seasonal Wave model (SeaWave), in which a pulse signal is used to describe the annual cycle of pesticide occurrence in a stream, and (2) the Sine Wave model, in which first‐order Fourier series sine and cosine terms are used to simulate seasonal mass loading patterns. The models were applied to data collected during water years 1997 through 2005. The pesticides modeled were carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, and molinate. Results from the two models show that the ability to capture seasonal variations in pesticide concentrations was affected by pesticide use patterns and the methods by which pesticides are transported to streams. Estimated seasonal loads compared well with results from previous studies for both models. Loads estimated by the two models did not differ significantly from each other, with the exceptions of carbaryl and molinate during the precipitation season, where loads were affected by application patterns and rainfall. However, in watersheds with variable and intermittent pesticide applications, the SeaWave model is more suitable for use on the basis of its robust capability of describing seasonal variation of pesticide concentrations.     

ABAQUS混凝土损伤塑性模型的动力性能分析

地震作用在混凝土结构上会在其材料中产生较高的应变率,混凝土材料具有一定的率敏感性,准确模拟混凝土结构在地震作用下的反应需采用混凝土动态本构模型.为评估ABAQUS有限元软件中的混凝土损伤塑性模型模拟混凝土动力性能的能力,采用该模型对混凝土材料和构件在不同加载速度下的动态反应进行了有限元数值分析.结果表明,随着加载速度的...     

减震装置提高防护门抗力的理论分析

在端部采用减震装置可提高防护门的抗力,而且该减震装置会影响防护门的振动特性和动力响应,因此对其在爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应分析非常重要.本文建立了具有减震装置防护门的计算模型,推导出了结构在爆炸荷载作用下的解析计算式,分析了化爆和核爆荷载作用下减震装置对振动的影响规律.结果表明,由弹性支承和阻尼器组成的减震装置可以明显降...     

Pollutant removal from municipal wastewater employing baffled subsurface flow and integrated surface flow-floating treatment wetlands

This article reports pollutant removal performances of baffled subsurface flow, and integrated surface flow-floating treatment wetland units, when arranged in series for the treatment of municipal wastewater in Bangladesh. The wetland units （of the hybrid system） included organic, inorganic media, and were planted with nineteen types of macrophytes. The wetland train was operated under hydraulic loading fluctuation and seasonal variation. The performance analyses （across the wetland units） illustrated simultaneous denitrification and organics removal rates in the first stage vertical flow wetland, due to organic carbon leaching from the employed organic media. Higher mean organics removal rates （656.0 g COD]（m2.day）） did not completely inhibit nitrification in the first stage vertical flow system; such pattern could be linked to effective utilization of the trapped oxygen, as the flow was directed throughout the media by the baffle walls. Second stage horizontal flow wetland showed enhanced biodegradable organics removal, which depleted organic carbon availability for denitrification. The final stage integrated wetland system allowed further nitrogen removal from wastewater, via nutrient uptake by plant roots （along with nitrification）, and generation of organic carbon （by the dead macrophytes） to support denitrification. The system achieved higher E. coli mortality through protozoa predation, E. coli oxidation, and destruction by UV radiation. In general, enhanced pollutant removal efflciencies as demonstrated by the structurally modified hybrid wetland system signify the necessity of such modification, when operated under adverse conditions such as： substantial input organics loading, hydraulic loading fluctuation, and seasonal variation.     

一体式生物净化-沉淀池对微污染水体污染物的强化去除性能

本文针对现有饮用水净化工艺对溶解性组分的去除能力有限,以及沉淀单元占地面积大,功能单一的问题,将生物转盘与平流沉淀池设计理念相结合,开发出一种生物净化-沉淀工艺,以提升系统对原水中浊度、有机物和氮磷的同步去除性能.结果表明,生物转盘的设置并未干扰沉淀池原有的浊度去除功能.当进水有机负荷为0.46 g·(m2·d)-1时,生物沉淀池对有机组分、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别为81.4%、95.0%、21.1%和86.0%.进一步研究发现,反硝化和除磷过程对水相中的有限碳源存在竞争关系.进水有机负荷的上升,有助于除磷过程的进行,同时沉淀出水中残留的有机组分和氨氮含量几乎不受影响,表明工艺具有一定抗冲击负荷能力,在微污染水体的强化净化处理中具有一定的应用前景.     

杭州西湖“香灰土”沉积物轻、重有机质组成特征及其环境意义

为探索城市浅水湖泊高有机质含量沉积物中有机质污染特征及其与氮、磷等营养元素的关系,调查了西湖8个湖区沉积物柱状样不同深度泥层有机质含量及其轻、重组分和氮磷污染特征,通过与国内相关湖泊有机质组分的比较,定量刻画了西湖"香灰土"沉积物的有机质特征.结果表明,西湖沉积物属典型高有机质含量底质,不同湖区底泥有机质含量平均值为28~251 g·kg-1;不同湖区沉积物有机质含量差别很大,引水入口湖区比其他湖区的有机质含量明显偏低;垂向上,大多湖区有机质含量随深度增加而增加,反映出有机质在西湖丰富的沉积历史.有机质轻/重组分离研究表明,西湖沉积物中轻组有机质含量为0.57~9.17 g·kg-1,平均占总有机质的2.83%,重组含量为5.35~347.41 g·kg-1,平均占总有机质的90%;与玄武湖、月湖、太湖、白洋淀等浅水湖泊相比,西湖底泥轻组有机质含量与之相当,但重组有机质含量明显偏高,反映出西湖作为历史悠久的城市湖泊,有机质污染负荷高,底泥腐殖化程度高.西湖底泥轻组有机质与总磷、总氮显著相关,而重组有机质含量仅与总氮含量显著相关,与磷没有相关性,表明轻组有机质对氮、磷内源释放潜力具有较大的影响.研究表明,西湖"香灰土"型沉积物有机质含量高、重组有机质比例高,对内源氮磷释放的缓冲能力强,在西湖营养盐内源负荷控制及水体富营养化治理中应予以充分考虑.     

新型分层生物滴滤池去除污水中氮磷的性能研究

生物滴滤池是农村生活污水处理的主要技术之一,但其存在氮、磷去除能力有限,稳定性不高等缺点。为提高新型分层生物滴滤池的氮磷去除效率,探索最佳工艺条件,本文采用新型分层生物滴滤池为试验装置,考察了滤料种类、水力负荷、回流比等对装置去除污水中氮磷性能的影响。结果表明,当滤料为炉渣、水力负荷为4 m3＆#183;m-2＆#183;d-1、回流比为2：1时滤池去除氮磷的效果最好,对NH4＋-N、TN、TP、COD的平均去除率分别可达到87.08%、57.37%、66.04%、80.78%;采用较高的回流比是滴滤池提高脱氮效果的一条有效途径。