成都市城市环境与经济协调发展分析

从城市环境与经济发展的协调度方面分析了成都市１９９０－１９９７年间协调度的变化趋势,评估了成都市城市环境与经济协调发展的类型,得出了成都市属于总体协调发展类环境滞后型的结论。     

Landfill reduction experience in The Netherlands

Modern waste legislation aims at resource efficiency and landfill reduction. This paper analyses more than 20 years of landfill reduction in the Netherlands. The combination of landfill regulations, landfill tax and landfill bans resulted in the desired landfill reduction, but also had negative effects. A fierce competition developed over the remaining waste to be landfilled. In 2013 the Dutch landfill industry generated €40 million of annual revenue, had €58 million annual costs and therefore incurred an annual loss of €18 million. It is not an attractive option to prematurely end business. There is a risk that Dutch landfill operators will not be able to fulfil the financial obligations for closure and aftercare. Contrary to the polluter pays principle the burden may end up with society. EU regulations prohibiting export of waste for disposal are in place. Strong differentials in landfill tax rate between nations have nevertheless resulted in transboundary shipment of waste and in non-compliance with the self-sufficiency and proximity principles. During the transformation from a disposal society to a recycling society, it is important to carefully plan required capacity and to guide the reorganisation of the landfill sector. At some point, it is no longer profitable to provide landfill services. It may be necessary for public organisations or the state to take responsibility for the continued operation of a ‘safety net’ in waste management. Regulations have created a financial incentive to pass on the burden of monitoring and controlling the impact of waste to future generations. To prevent this, it is necessary to revise regulations on aftercare and create incentives to actively stabilise landfills.     

运用法律手段加强环境治理工作的有效性

单靠道德自律及经济、行政性处罚等手段 不可能从根本上解决环境问题,唯有加强法律作为硬性强制性手段,才能加大环保工作的有效性。     

地震的社会经济影响

在查阅前人研究成果的基础上,分析了地震造成社会灾害严重、影响地区经济发展的现象,认为地震灾害对一个地区所造成的影响程度与该地区的承灾力有关,并影响地区经济的可持续发展.     

人口与可持续发展

有限的资源不能支撑无限增加的人口，面对高速增长的人口，人们产生了种种不同的认识。本文分析了人口增长与食物供给，人口增长与生态环境和经济发展的矛盾；阐述了最大人口容量及经济最优人口计算需要考虑的因素和基本；提出我国必须坚持严格控制人口增长的政策，这是可持续发展的需要。     

天津市农业循环经济产业体系构建研究

阐述了农业循环经济的现状及发展前景,对天津市构建农业循环经济产业体系的发展思路和发展重点开展研究,并提出了天津市构建农业循环经济产业体系的对策建议。     

南京市循环经济体系建设规划研究

综合评价结果显示南京市循环经济发展水平远高于全国平均,约有9年的发展差距。居民社会文化素质高、大中型企业多、科技教育力量雄厚、经济发展水平较高等是南京市循环经济发展的有利条件,匮乏的矿产资源则是南京市发展循环经济的动力。石化、电子信息、汽车、钢铁、电力等是南京市循环工业发展的重点行业,拉长产业链,减量化生产是循环工业及其生态园区建设的重点;大力发展绿色餐饮,合理布局物流业是循环服务业的主要建设方向;建立绿色社会消费体系,实施垃圾的分类收集和处理,加强废旧物资的回收管理是循环社会建设的关键;降低化肥农药的施用量,积极发展无公害绿色有机食品及继续加强循环型农业示范区建设是循环农业发展的内涵。     

Embodied energy and emergy evaluation of a typical biodiesel production chain in China

Biodiesel from non-grain feedstock has been considered as one of the proper substitutes for fossil fuels associated with a series of activities emerging in China in order to meet the resource shortage and develop the energy crops. This paper presents an ecological accounting framework based on embodied energy, emergy, and CO₂ emission for the whole production chain of biodiesel made from Jatropha curcas L. (JCL) oil. The energy and materials invested in and CO₂ emission from the whole process, including cropping, transportation, extraction, and production, are accounted and calculated. Also, E_mCO₂, the ratio of real CO₂ released to the emergy-based sustainability indicator per joule biodiesel, is proposed in this paper to present a new goal function for low-carbon system optimization. Finally, the results are compared with those of the bioethanol (wheat) production in Henan Province, China, and bioethanol (corn) production in Italy in view of the indices of embodied energy, emergy and CO₂ emissions and E_mCO₂.     

在用环卫车燃用F-T柴油的排放特征

为开展柴油车替代燃料示范应用工作,通过3辆国Ⅳ环卫车整车转鼓试验,详细考察了分别燃用京Ⅴ柴油和费托合成(F-T)柴油时的体积油耗和尾气排放特征。通过道路试验验证了在实际工作状态下15辆在用环卫车的体积油耗和排气烟度变化情况。转鼓试验结果表明：与京Ⅴ柴油相比,F-T柴油的体积油耗增加1.2%~4.7%,但CO₂排放量减少了0.2%~3.3%;CO、总碳氢（THC）排放水平较低,变化幅度不大;NO_x和PM排放量均有大幅降低,分别降低了14.8%~47.2%和46.5%~55.0%。道路验证试验结果表明：燃用F-T柴油时所测环卫车的体积油耗平均增加4.8%,尾气烟度平均下降28.9%。F-T柴油是较好的车用替代/补充燃料。     

祁东经济开发区生态工业园建设探讨

生态工业园是最具环保意义和绿色概念的工业园区,是我国继经济技术开发区、高新技术开发区之后第三代工业园区的主要发展形式。基于祁东经济开发区的实际情况,概述了其构建生态工业园的背景,并对其建设生态工业园的优势条件和模式进行了分析与探讨,同时提出了相应的环境管理对策,以利于经济开发区的可持续发展。