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11.
工业企业可持续发展评价指标体系初探 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
从可持续发展的概念出发,对影响工业企业的经济,环境和企业的经济,环境和企业素质3个因素进行综合分析,建立了包括目标层,准则层,指标层,分指标层4个层次,主要由发展现状、发展协调度、发展潜力来进行综合评价的工业企业可持续发展评价指标体系,并对评价方法进行了简要分析,为进一步研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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随着人类环境意识的觉醒与升华,引发了对自身生存环境的更深层次的思考。本文就环境承载力的内涵与外延以及它既会造成贫困又可解脱贫困的关键作用进行了研究和探讨。 相似文献
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灾害统计指标体系及其框架设计 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
剖析了我国的灾害统计问题,阐述了灾害统计指标设计的原则,首次提出了灾害统计指标体系的宏观框架。 相似文献
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旱涝灾害的一些基本问题初探 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
首先就旱涝灾害对人类的作用进行了分析,认为它影响范围最大,危害程度最深.其次.对旱涝灾害的成因、确定旱涝灾害的定量指标以及评估旱涝灾害的指标体系进行分析探讨;最后对国内防御旱涝灾害的能力做了总体评价,并对其所采取的预防,救抗灾措施等进行分析. 相似文献
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黑龙江省旱涝灾害农业气候指标及地理分布区划 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者根据水分平衡原理,在考虑水分供应和植物蒸散的基础上,研究了符合黑龙江省实际的农作物旱涝灾动态指标,提出用月气象资料计算旱涝起止日期的模型和计算公式,并制作了黑龙江省春旱区划、春涝区划、夏涝区划和综合旱涝区划。 相似文献
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Lucie M. Bland Jon Bielby Stephen Kearney C. David L. Orme James E. M. Watson Ben Collen 《Conservation biology》2017,31(3):531-539
One in 6 species (13,465 species) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is classified as data deficient due to lack of information on their taxonomy, population status, or impact of threats. Despite the chance that many are at high risk of extinction, data‐deficient species are typically excluded from global and local conservation priorities, as well as funding schemes. The number of data‐deficient species will greatly increase as the IUCN Red List becomes more inclusive of poorly known and speciose groups. A strategic approach is urgently needed to enhance the conservation value of data‐deficient assessments. To develop this, we reviewed 2879 data‐deficient assessments in 6 animal groups and identified 8 main justifications for assigning data‐deficient status (type series, few records, old records, uncertain provenance, uncertain population status or distribution, uncertain threats, taxonomic uncertainty, and new species). Assigning a consistent set of justification tags (i.e., consistent assignment to assessment justifications) to species classified as data deficient is a simple way to achieve more strategic assessments. Such tags would clarify the causes of data deficiency; facilitate the prediction of extinction risk; facilitate comparisons of data deficiency among taxonomic groups; and help prioritize species for reassessment. With renewed efforts, it could be straightforward to prevent thousands of data‐deficient species slipping unnoticed toward extinction. 相似文献
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NÁRGILA G. MOURA ALEXANDER C. LEES ALEXANDRE ALEIXO JOS BARLOW SIDNEI M. DANTAS JOICE FERREIRA MARIA DE FÁTIMA C. LIMA TOBY A. GARDNER 《Conservation biology》2014,28(5):1271-1281
Local, regional, and global extinctions caused by habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation have been widely reported for the tropics. The patterns and drivers of this loss of species are now increasingly well known in Amazonia, but there remains a significant gap in understanding of long‐term trends in species persistence and extinction in anthropogenic landscapes. Such a historical perspective is critical for understanding the status and trends of extant biodiversity as well as for identifying priorities to halt further losses. Using extensive historical data sets of specimen records and results of contemporary surveys, we searched for evidence of local extinctions of a terra firma rainforest avifauna over 200 years in a 2500 km2 eastern Amazonian region around the Brazilian city of Belém. This region has the longest history of ornithological fieldwork in the entire Amazon basin and lies in the highly threatened Belém Centre of Endemism. We also compared our historically inferred extinction events with extensive data on species occurrences in a sample of catchments in a nearby municipality (Paragominas) that encompass a gradient of past forest loss. We found evidence for the possible extinction of 47 species (14% of the regional species pool) that were unreported from 1980 to 2013 (80% last recorded between 1900 and 1980). Seventeen species appear on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, and many of these are large‐bodied. The species lost from the region immediately around Belém are similar to those which are currently restricted to well‐forested catchments in Paragominas. Although we anticipate the future rediscovery or recolonization of some species inferred to be extinct by our calculations, we also expect that there are likely to be additional local extinctions, not reported here, given the ongoing loss and degradation of remaining areas of native vegetation across eastern Amazonia. Doscientos Años de Extinciones Locales de Aves en la Amazonia Oriental 相似文献
20.
Small body size is generally correlated with r‐selected life‐history traits, including early maturation, short‐generation times, and rapid growth rates, that result in high population turnover and a reduced risk of extinction. Unlike other classes of vertebrates, however, small freshwater fishes appear to have an equal or greater risk of extinction than large fishes. We explored whether particular traits explain the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List conservation status of small‐bodied freshwater fishes from 4 temperate river basins: Murray‐Darling, Australia; Danube, Europe; Mississippi‐Missouri, North America; and the Rio Grande, North America. Twenty‐three ecological and life‐history traits were collated for all 171 freshwater fishes of ≤120 mm total length. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models to assess which combination of the 23 traits best explained whether a species was threatened or not threatened. We used the best models to predict the probability of 29 unclassified species being listed as threatened. With and without controlling for phylogeny at the family level, small body size—among small‐bodied species—was the most influential trait correlated with threatened species listings. The k‐folds cross‐validation demonstrated that body size and a random effect structure that included family predicted the threat status with an accuracy of 78% (SE 0.5). We identified 10 species likely to be threatened that are not listed as such on the IUCN Red List. Small body size is not a trait that provides universal resistance to extinction, particularly for vertebrates inhabiting environments affected by extreme habitat loss and fragmentation. We hypothesize that this is because small‐bodied species have smaller home ranges, lower dispersal capabilities, and heightened ecological specialization relative to larger vertebrates. Trait data and further model development are needed to predict the IUCN conservation status of the over 11,000 unclassified freshwater fishes, especially those under threat from proposed dam construction in the world's most biodiverse river basins. 相似文献