竺山湾流域河湖系统污染物总量控制研究

复杂河湖系统的总量控制需考虑河湖双重控制目标,以太湖西北部竺山湾流域为研究对象,运用排污系数法计算了区域内的入河污染负荷;构建了一维河网和二维湖体水环境数学模型,对水环境数学模型进行了率定;基于多重目标的河网水环境容量计算方法,计算了河网水环境容量,并分配至各控制单元;定量分析了各控制单元各污染物总量达标情况下的削减量及削减率。结果表明:竺山湾流域COD削减量为834.4 t,削减率为13.8%;氨氮削减量为226.1 t,削减率为36.5%;总氮削减量为724.8 t,削减率为55.2%;总磷削减量为108.9 t,削减率为73.4%。论文成果对于开展竺山湾流域污染物总量控制和水环境保护具有重要指导意义,同时为类似的河湖系统水污染物总量控制提供借鉴。     

Effective removal of phosphorus from high phosphorus steel slag using carbonized rice husk

High phosphorus steel slag and carbonized rice husk are two common wastes characterized by high generation and low secondary use values.Through the reduction of high phosphorus steel slag by biomass,both wastes were fully utilized,thus reducing the negative impact on the environment.In this study,variables such as temperature,time,and amount of reactants were changed to determine the optimal conditions for the reaction of steel slag with carbonized rice husk at high temperatures.The actual amoun...     

A highly porous animal bone-derived char with a superiority of promoting nZVI for Cr(VI) sequestration in agricultural soils

Paddy soil and irrigation water are commonly contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] near urban industrial areas, thereby threatening the safety of agricultural products and human health. In this study, we develop a porous and high specific area bone char (BC) to support nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and apply it to remediate Cr(VI) pollution in water and paddy soil under anaerobic conditions. The batch experiments reveal that BC/nZVI exhibits a higher removal capacity of 516.7 mg/(g?nZVI) for Cr(VI) than nZVI when normalized to the actual nZVI content, which is 2.8 times that of nZVI; moreover, the highest nZVI utilization is the nZVI loading of 15% (BC/nZVI15). The Cr(VI) removal efficiency of BC/nZVI15 decreases with increasing pH (4 – 10). Coexisting ions (phosphate and carbonate) and humic acid can inhibit the removal of Cr(VI) with BC/nZVI15. Additionally, BC exhibits a strong advantage in promoting Cr(VI) removal by nZVI compared to the widely used biochar and activated carbon. Our results demonstrate that reduction and coprecipitation are the dominant Cr(VI) removal mechanisms. Furthermore, BC/nZVI15 shows a significantly higher reduction and removal efficiency as well as a strong anti-interference ability for Cr(VI) in paddy soil, as compared to nZVI. These findings provide a new effective material for remediating Cr(VI) pollution from water and soil.     

畜禽养殖污水污染治理现状及发展趋势

畜禽养殖过程中产生的大量污水是目前养殖污染治理的一大难题。针对目前畜禽养殖污水治理过程中存在的管理力度不够、技术可行性差、运行成本过高等问题,提出了今后畜禽养殖污水治理的方向,应以"循环经济"为核心,以污染排放最小化和资源利用最大化为原则,实现经济效益和环境效益的和谐统一。     

沈抚灌渠(抚顺段)水环境状况及污染减排对策研究

基于沈抚灌渠(抚顺段)高污染、高排放的特点,设计了一套生态环保型污染减排对策,在沈抚灌渠东部起点处建设东洲再生水厂及传输污水管线工程;在中西部建海城污水处理厂及污水截流工程;在西部的抚顺开发区段采用生态修复技术对出市前的污水进行综合整治和处理,采取治污、清淤、引水和两岸景观建设四项措施,使沈抚灌渠水质达到地表水Ⅳ标准.     

氮氧化物减排博弈行为研究

针对我国氮氧化物减排的严峻形势,文章借鉴瑞典氮氧化物减排的税收返还制度,运用进化博弈的理论和方法,建立了政府与企业关于氮氧化物减排的进化博弈模型,并进行了求解分析。结果表明:策略(减排,税收返还制度)和策略(减排,标准减排制度)都可以是稳定均衡策略,即无论政府采取税收返还制度还是标准减排制度,只要对惩罚系数、税率等参数进行调整都能迫使企业进行氮氧化物减排。但通过模拟可知税收返还制度对企业的激励作用更大,可以促使企业长期持续的进行氮氧化物减排。     

Voluntary emission reduction market in China: development,management status and future supply

The voluntary emission reduction (VER) trading mechanism has played an important role in China’s seven pilot carbon markets. From a comprehensive review of the VER trading and offsetting mechanisms since 2013, this study analyses the quality management of the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) in the pilot carbon markets, conducts a comparative analysis of the geographical and field distributions of proposed and registered projects and emission reductions and provides the CCER supply outlook for 2020 in the aspects of on record, project registration, emission reduction registration and emission reduction issuance. Results show that the potential number of CCER projects by 2020 will be 2,864, 1,047, 818, and 286 with the corresponding emission reductions amounting to 493, 212, 133, and 49 million tCO₂e, respectively. Although considerable progress has been made, China remains confronted with many challenges in developing the VER trading system. Accordingly, policy stability and continuity and guarding against market risks should be maintained to enable the system to play a substantial role in promoting ecological progress and green low-carbon development in China.     

调整能源结构,减少大气污染物排放

上海在“十五”期间能源结构调整的重点为严格控制煤炭消费总量,加强煤炭洁净利用;加快电网建设和改造,优化电源结构;扩大天然气利用,建设天然气管网系统;建立能源安全供应体系,加强能源储备,到2005年,经过能源结构调整,煤炭在能源消费中的比重将下降到55%以下, 天然气和外来电能将上升到10%左右,与2005年的基础情景比较,实施能源结构调整后,上海将分别减少SO2和PM10排放量18万t和2.8万t,全市SO2和PM10排放总量可控制在45.7万t和12.4万t,与2000年基本持平。     

SBR工艺与CASS工艺的比较

SBR(序批式间歇活性污泥法)是近年来在废水处理方面应用日趋广泛并取得明显经济效益的一种新技术，在此基础上又发展了一些SBR的变型工艺，其中CASS工艺在国内外主要运用于城市污水和各种工业废水的处理。就SBR工艺和CASS工艺在原理、特点、经济性和运行方面做了比较，为以后的工艺选择提供理论根据。     

Degradation of benomyl, picloram, and dicamba in a conical apparatus by zero-valent iron powder

Reduction of some pesticides (benomyl, picloram, and dicamba) was studied in an aerobic batch conical pilot system to investigate the disappearance of these pesticides on contact with iron powder (20 g/l, 325-mesh). Aqueous buffered solutions of the compounds were added to the system followed by zero-valent iron powder (ZVIP), and the decline in the pesticide concentrations was monitored over time. HPLC analyses show a complete disappearance of picloram (1.20 mg/l) after 20 min of reaction. Benomyl (1.00 mg/l) and dicamba (1.25 mg/l) disappear after 25 and 40 min, respectively. The t₅₀ values ranged from 3 to 5.5 min, and were about slightly less than the t_1/2 values reported when the log of the relative HPLC peak area was plotted versus time, where the relative peak area was calculated by dividing the measured peak area by the initial peak area. Pathways for the degradation of the studied pesticides by ZVIP are proposed.