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11.
Three decades of economy growth and urbanization has brought China into the rim of water crisis. Transition to sustainability has gained consensus and put into practice at all administrative levels. However, due to locking mechanisms such as sunken investments, vested interests, and economic structure, such transition would not prove to be easy. Here we adopt the Multi-Level Perspective framework to analyze a county level water regime shift in Yiwu of Zhejiang province, which is representative for its economic success and severity of water problem in China. The transition is described as the interactions between water regime subsystems including society, economy, administration, infrastructure, and natural water cycling process, as well as the influence from the landscape level such as politics. Figures show that the water system is making a turnaround to the better side, while the government plays a key role in pushing and managing the transition. This study allows us to have a glimpse of the whole water regime transition currently happening in China, as well as being used for reference in other parts of the developing world, for the promoting of sustainable water resource management. 相似文献
12.
Optimal management with potential regime shifts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stephen Polasky Aart de Zeeuw Florian Wagener 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2011,62(2):229-240
We analyze how the threat of a potential future regime shift affects optimal management. We use a simple general growth model to analyze four cases that involve combinations of stock collapse versus changes in system dynamics, and exogenous versus endogenous probabilities of regime shift. Prior work in economics has focused on stock collapse with endogenous probabilities and reaches ambiguous conclusions on whether the potential for regime shift will increase or decrease intensity of resource use and level of resource stock. We show that all other cases yield unambiguous results. In particular, with endogenous probability of regime shift that affects system dynamics the potential for regime shift causes optimal management to become precautionary in the sense of maintaining higher resource stock levels. 相似文献
13.
Martin F. Quaas Daan van Soest Stefan Baumgärtner 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2013
We study how society's preferences affect the resilience of economies that depend on more than one type of natural resource. In particular, we analyze whether the degree of complementarity of natural resources in consumer preferences may give rise to multiple steady states and path dependence even when resources are managed optimally. We find that, for a given social discount rate, society tends to be less willing to buffer exogenous shocks if resource good are complements in consumption than if they are substitutes. The stronger the complementarity between the various types of natural resources, the less resilient the economy is, and even more so the higher is the social discount rate. 相似文献
14.
Shifting regime shifted policy—interplay of interests in sustainability discourses of forest land use 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohammad Ali A. T. M. Rafiqul Hoque 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(2):121-134
This study investigates the influence of policy interests on resource sustainability. Information on ‘colonial interest’ of
the British regime and the ‘commercial interest’ of the post-colonial regimes on forest land use of Bangladesh have been drawn
on to show the interplay of interests on sustainability impacts. The findings show that both colonial and commercial interests
have caused intensification of forest land use for production of economic crops like teak (Tectona grandis) and cash crops like tea (Camellia sinensis), cotton (Gossypium herbaceum and G. arboreum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The ‘colonial interest’ has also initiated the dispute of ownership, rights and tenure of forest land and resources. The
post-colonial regimes have utilized colonial legacy as the privilege for implementing ‘commercial interests’. In both the
cases traditional interests of people were disregarded. As a result, peoples’ participation in forestry was discouraged and
the sustainability of forest land use was impeded. 相似文献
15.
J.M. Zaldívar F.S. Bacelar S. Dueri D. Marinov P. Viaroli E. Hernández-García 《Ecological modelling》2009
Pristine coastal shallow systems are usually dominated by extensive meadows of seagrass species, which are assumed to take advantage of nutrient supply from sediment. An increasing nutrient input is thought to favour phytoplankton, epiphytic microalgae, as well as opportunistic ephemeral macroalgae that coexist with seagrasses. The primary cause of shifts and succession in the macrophyte community is the increase of nutrient load to water; however, temperature plays also an important role. A competition model between rooted seagrass (Zostera marina), macroalgae (Ulva sp.), and phytoplankton has been developed to analyse the succession of primary producer communities in these systems. Successions of dominance states, with different resilience characteristics, are found when modifying the input of nutrients and the seasonal temperature and light intensity forcing. 相似文献
16.
17.
We analyzed spatiotemporal dynamics of cyanobacteria using a four-component mathematical model with nutrients, unicellular algae, colonial algae and herbivorous zooplankton. One of the astonishing abilities of cyanobacteria is the morphological change from the unicellular type to the colonial or filamentous type in response to grazing activities of zooplankton, the phenomenon known as phenotypic plasticity. Our model, referred to as comprehensive cyanobacterial model (CCM), includes the effects of phenotypic plasticity. Depending on parameter values, CCM exhibits not only bistability but also limit cycle oscillations without showing the paradox of enrichment, which has been a controversy among mathematical ecologists. Further, CCM is modified to reaction–advection–diffusion equations, the simulation results of which indicate that the ratio of the lateral diffusivity to the turbulent velocity significantly affects the appearance of patchiness patterns. 相似文献
18.
Chris Seijger Daniela Kleinschmit Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt Muhammad Mehmood-Ul-Hassan Christopher Martius 《Ambio》2021,50(12):2311
Major land use changes such as deforestation and restoration influence water resources in agriculture–forest landscapes. Changes are observed in water flows, groundwater infiltration, water quality and rainfall. Interdisciplinary water–forest research has unravelled biophysical parts of the interplay that influences forest and water resources. In this Perspective paper, we propose an expanded interdisciplinary research approach to study water and policies in agriculture–forest frontiers. The approach differs in four important aspects from previous ones: (i) a conceptual ‘frontier’ understanding; an analytical focus on (ii) agriculture and (iii) policy–water linkages; (iv) empirical attention to northern and southern countries. The approach is put into practice with the “Pendulum” framework, with interventions and the agriculture–forest frontier oscillating over time between exploitation and restoration. Through the approach, a better understanding will be provided on the dynamic interplay of water and policies in oscillating agriculture–forest frontiers, with changing outcomes for people and environment. 相似文献
19.
Jones K Lanthier Y van der Voet P van Valkengoed E Taylor D Fernández-Prieto D 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(7):2154-2169
The overall objective of the Ramsar Convention, signed in 1971, is the conservation and wise use of wetlands by national action and international cooperation as a means to achieving sustainable development. This complex and challenging task requires national, local and international bodies involved in the implementation of the convention to rely on suitable geo-information to better understand wetland areas, complete national inventories, perform monitoring activities, carry out assessments and put in practice suitable management plans based on updated and reliable information. In the last years, Earth Observation (EO) technology has been revealed as a key tool and unique information source to support the environmental community in different application domains, including wetlands' conservation and management. In this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) in collaboration with the Ramsar Secretariat launched in 2003 the "GlobWetland" project in order to demonstrate the current capabilities of Earth Observation technology to support inventorying, monitoring, and assessment of wetland ecosystems. This paper collects the main results and findings of the "GlobWetland" project, providing an overview of the current capabilities and limits of EO technology as a tool to support the implementation of the Ramsar Convention. The project was carried out in collaboration with several regional, national and local conservation authorities and wetland managers, involving 50 different wetlands across 21 countries on four continents. This large range of users provided an excellent test bed to assess the potential of this technology to be applied in different technical, economic and social conditions. 相似文献
20.
It seems inevitable that the ongoing and rapid changes in the physical environment of the marine Arctic will push components
of the region’s existing social-ecological systems—small and large—beyond tipping points and into new regimes. Ongoing changes
include warming, freshening, acidification, and alterations to food web structure. In anticipation we pose three distinct
but interrelated challenges: (1) to explore existing connectivities within components of the marine system; (2) to seek indicators
(if they exist) of approaching regime change through observation and modeling; and (3) to build functional resilience into
existing systems through adaptation-oriented policy and to have in hand transformative options when tipping points are crossed
and new development trajectories are required. Each of the above challenges is scale dependent, and each requires a much deeper
understanding than we currently have of connectivity within existing systems and their response to external forcing. Here,
we argue from a global perspective the need to understand the Arctic’s role in an increasingly nonlinear world; then describe
emerging evidence from new observations on the connectivity of processes and system components from the Canada Basin and subarctic
seas surrounding northern North America; and finally posit an approach founded in “resilience thinking” to allow northern
residents living in small coastal communities to participate in the observation, adaption and—if necessary—transformation
of the social-ecological system with which they live. 相似文献