典型区域土壤中多环芳烃的污染分布特征

以河南省3类典型工业区域为例,分析研究其土壤中多环芳烃类化合物的种类组成及含量分布特征,结果表明：3类典型工业区域周边土壤中均检出14种PAHs,其中萘、芘、艹屈 、苯并[a]蒽具有较高的检出水平;大型化工企业周边土壤中PAHs的检出率高于油田和工业园区;检出的14种PAHs的总质量比均值,大型化工企业明显高于油田和工业园区;3类典型工业区域土壤中PAHs测定值明显高于背景值,表明土壤已受到PAHs的影响;来源分析表明,PAHs的污染主要源自石油和燃料的燃烧.     

新型区域γ辐射监测系统

对新型区域γ辐射监测系统的组成和功能进行介绍,详细分析剂量仪、数据收发器和上位机软件的设计。将该系统用于涉核场所核辐射的监测,运行测试结果正常,表明该系统具有功耗低和自组网的特点,能适用于区域γ辐射监测。     

厦门市光化学污染特征分析

在2013年4月11日—5月22日期间测定厦门市过氧乙酰硝酸酯,研究该地区光化学污染过程,并统计移动源、植物、工业VOCs的排放量。结果表明,光化学污染不仅产生PM2.5,引起市区NO2浓度升高,还会加重霾的产生和污染水平,提出通过优化树种以降低光化学污染。     

城市快速路交通噪声分布特征及污染现状

为了解快速路交通噪声的分布特征及污染现状,对城市快速路的交通噪声进行监测,结果表明,噪声随车流量的增大而升高,同时受车辆类型等其他因素的影响;随着与快速路水平距离的增大,交通噪声值呈下降趋势,特别是在距离快速路路沿前40 m内噪声衰减尤为明显;距高架道路不同水平距离处的噪声声场垂直分布规律基本一致,但距离高架道路较远处的敏感建筑物噪声值最高点楼层有所上移;快速路旁噪声敏感点交通噪声超标情况严重。     

建设沈阳生态市的思考

生态文明正作为新兴文明代替工业文明,人类社会也将从工业化发展模式转向生态化发展模式。生态城市是人类物质文明与精神文明相融合的现代文明城市。本文提出了建设沈阳生态市需要更加关注和思考的几个方面。1.以人为本。2.农村是建设生态市的难点和重点。3.建立生态安全防护体系。4.实行区域环境治理。5.建设生态文化。     

剩余污泥的超声破解与影响因素程度分析

采用超声波技术破解污泥絮体及污泥微生物细胞壁结构 ,可使固体性有机物与胞内物质变为溶解性有机物(SCOD)。SCOD溶出率随超声作用时间、声强及声能密度的增加而增加 ,在一定声能密度下 ,SCOD溶出率随时间延长呈线性增长趋势 ,即污泥破解反应遵从一级反应动力学规律。VSS的变化规律同SCOD溶出率的变化规律相似。利用多元统计学中t分布检验方法分析诸因素对破解效果所产生的影响 ,得出各因素影响程度从大至小顺序为 :超声作用时间 >声能密度 >声强     

区域环境风险评价与管理初探

阐述了开展区域环境风险评价与管理的重要性,探讨了开展区域环境风险评价与管理的几个主要问题：区域环境风险水平的表征方法;区域环境风险的识别方法;区域环境风险评价的模式方法;以及区域环境风险管理的基本原则。开展区域环境风险评价与管理的目的是降低区域环境风险水平,减少人为事故带来的环境灾害与经济损失。给区域环境生态和公众健康一个较安全的保证。     

多孔喷头射流特性的实验研究

在没有密度分层的容泄水体条件下,对某污水排海工程多孔喷头的射流特性进行了实验研究。文中介绍了不同排污流量和环境流速条件下,多孔喷头附近的流速场和污水场特性;并对出流平均稀释度作了分析。最后,还对该喷头周围的冲淤形态进行了探讨.文中所得的结果对实际排污系统的设计和进一步研究有一定的参考价值。      

Statistical modeling of cargo tank truck crashes: Rollover and release of hazardous materials

Introduction: Cargo Tank Trucks (CTTs) are a primary surface transportation carrier of hazardous materials (hazmat) in the United States and CTT rollover crashes are the leading cause of injuries and fatalities from hazmat transportation incidents. CTTs are susceptible to rollover crashes because of their size, distribution of weight, a higher center of gravity, and the surging and sloshing of liquid cargo during transportation. This study identified and quantified the effects of various factors on the probability of rollover and release of hazmat in traffic crashes where a CTT was involved. Method: Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA)-based logistic regression models were estimated with rollover and hazmat release as the binary response variables, and crash, truck, roadway, environment, and driver characteristics as the explanatory variables. 2010–2016 police-reported CTT-involved crash data from Nebraska and Kansas was utilized. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed appropriateness of the modeling approach for inference and prediction on the crash dataset. Results: CTTs are more likely to rollover in crashes while turning and changing lanes relative to going straight; side impacts (side collisions) and severe crosswinds increased the likelihood of rollovers; tractor and semi-trailer body style decreased the probability of rollover, while truck tractors are more prone to rollovers; collisions with fixed objects and higher posted speeds increased the rollover probability; rollovers and intersection crash locations increased the likelihood of hazmat release. Conclusions: The findings can assist stakeholders (policy-makers, private shippers, and CTT drivers) in restricting CTTs’ operations for safety; scheduling, routing, and fleet planning; and low-level decision-making (e.g., emergency stopping or local routing). Practical Applications: This study identified and quantified the effects of different factors on the conditional probability of rollover and release of hazmat in CTT-involved crashes. The findings may assist stakeholders in decision-making towards safe operations of CTTs for transportation of hazmat.     

A Regional Waterway Management System for Balancing Recreational Boating and Resource Protection

Florida’s coasts have been transformed over the past three decades as population growth and unprecedented demand for individual shore access to bays and estuaries led to the creation of residential canal developments. Thousands of miles of channels and basins were dredged as a by-product of this urbanization process. The navigable waterways that resulted are now being stressed by increasing boat traffic and canal-side activities. Recognizing their common goal to preserve the recreational and ecological value of southwest Florida waterways, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the four-county West Coast Inland Navigation District, and the University of Florida Sea Grant College Program signed a Memorandum of Agreement. The signatories agreed to develop a science-based Regional Waterway Management System (RWMS), which is a new approach to waterway planning and permitting based on carefully mapped channel depths, a census of actual boat populations, and the spatial extent of natural resources. The RWMS provides a comprehensive, regional overview of channel conditions and the geographic distribution and severity of existing impediments to safe navigation and resource protection. RWMS information and analyses result in regional-scale permitting to accommodate water-dependent uses while minimizing environmental impacts and reducing public expenditures. Compared with traditional approaches to waterway management, the science-based RWMS is relatively unbiased, objective, transparent, ecologically sound, and fiscally prudent.