煤矿危险源辨识评价与应急预案

简要论述了煤矿危险源辨识评价的分类、过程、方法,以及如何针对煤矿危险源制定 事故应急预案.通过对煤矿的危险源和重大危险源辨识评价及编制重大危险源应急预案,对 煤矿企业准确把握煤矿生产系统中的重大隐患和薄弱环节、尽可能减少事故发生或减少事故中的人员伤亡和财产损失、促进煤矿安全生产有重要的意义.     

Quantifying ‘geographic proximity’: Experiences from the United Kingdom's National Industrial Symbiosis Programme

Geographic proximity is said to be a key characteristic of the resource reuse and recycling practice known as industrial symbiosis. To date, however, proximity of symbiont companies has remained an abstract characteristic. By conducting a statistical analysis of synergies facilitated by the United Kingdom's National Industrial Symbiosis Programme during their first five years of operation, this article attempts to quantify geographic proximity and in the process provide practitioners with an insight into the movement trends of different waste streams. Among other it was found that the median distance materials travelled within a symbiotic relationship is 20.4 miles. It is argued that quantitative information of this form is of practical value for the effective deployment of industrial symbiosis practitioners and wider resource efficiency planning. The results and discussion presented within this article are specific to industrial symbiosis opportunities facilitated within the United Kingdom; the methodology and assessment of resource movement influences are, however, expected to be relevant to all countries in which industrial activity is similarly mature and diversified.     

沿海三市饮用水源水内分泌干扰毒性研究

近十多年来,江苏沿海化工产业发展迅速,化工废水的长期排放对水生生态系统及人群健康构成潜在威胁.采用非洲猴肾细胞(CV-1)核受体介导的体外转录激活试验方法,对中国东部沿海A、B、C三市的6个水源地进行了拟雌激素活性调查研究.结果表明:C市2处水源水的有机提取物在枯水期、平水期和丰水期均无拟雌激素活性检出,水质较好;A市...     

饮用水源水中丙烯醛测定方法改进

对饮用水源水中丙烯醛的气相色谱标准测定方法作了改进,由直接进样改为吹扫捕集进样,由极性色谱柱改为中等极性色谱柱.方法在0.010 mg/L～0.100 mg/L范围内线性良好,最低检出限和检测下限分别为0.000 5 mg/L和0.002 mg/L,水样平行测定的RSD为2.8%～5.2%,平均加标回收率为90.0%～...     

三峡库区巫山建坪地区土壤镉等重金属分布特征及来源研究

位于三峡库区的巫山建坪地区存在明显土壤高镉(Cd)异常,但对其土壤镉分布特征及来源缺乏深入认识.通过对岩石及土壤样品中镉等重金属元素的总量、土壤理化性质、典型土壤剖面Cd含量、Cd赋存形态进行分析测试,并结合相关性分析和主成分分析等统计方法,以及不同类型土壤间的对比分析,研究了巫山县建坪地区土壤中镉等重金属的含量分布特征及其来源.结果表明,岩石(包括煤及煤矸石等)中Cd含量范围为0.22～101 mg·kg-1,表层耕作土壤中Cd含量范围为0.42～42 mg·kg-1,自然土壤中Cd含量范围为0.12～8.5 mg·kg-1;除Cd外,V、Cr、Ni、Zn同样存在富集现象.土壤中弱酸提取态镉占其总量的17%～35%.研究表明,巫山建坪研究区土壤存在严重镉污染问题,土壤中高镉与研究区岩石中镉含量具有很好的地球化学继承性,且表现出表层富集的特征.研究区土壤中镉等重金属主要为自然地质源,其历史上的煤矿开采加剧了土壤镉的富集过程.土壤中镉的生物有效态高,通过食物链富集而影响人群健康的环境危害大.     

Driving factors for coordinating urbanization with conservation of the ecological environment in China

Urbanization is a dominant component of social and economic development around the world, but this process creates tremendous pressure on the ecological environment. How to achieve coordination between urbanization and conservation of this environment has become a key issue, especially in developing countries. It is necessary to identify the driving factors that affect this coordination. To identify these factors, we chose 290 Chinese prefecture-level cities to analyze the driving factors behind urbanization using spatial regression analysis, and explored the spatial differences among regions in these factors. Our results show that industrial upgrading and technological progress were the main factors that promoted coordinated development, with industrialization having positive effects under government management, but with differences among regions in how the driving forces affected coordinated development. Using technological progress to promote industrial upgrading, creating new employment to absorb surplus rural labor, and providing workers with skills training so they can take advantage of new jobs can promote win–win solutions that coordinate urbanization with conservation of the ecological environment.     

Socioeconomic characteristics of suitable wolf habitat in Sweden

Large carnivores are ecologically important, but their behaviour frequently put them in conflict with humans. I suggest that a spatial co-occurrence of suitable habitat and relatively poor socioeconomic conditions in rural areas may contribute to inflated human–carnivore conflict. Here, I test if there is potential for such an explanation for the human–wolf conflict in Sweden, a conflict that is arguably not congruent with the costs and damages imposed by the wolf population. I found negative correlations between wolf habitat suitability within Swedish municipalities and indicators of their relative socioeconomic conditions. I argue that geographic socioeconomic inequality may contribute to the Swedish human-wolf conflict, partly by the use of wolves as symbols for socioeconomic dissent and partly by using them as scapegoats for socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, regional policies aimed at alleviating geographic socioeconomic inequities may create a more favourable environment for solving the human-wolf conflict in Sweden.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-021-01524-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

The relationships of sprawl and ozone air quality in United States' metropolitan areas

This article reports the results of an examination of the relationships between degree of sprawl and improvements in ozone air quality for 52 metropolitan areas in the US. It also examines state political alignment and environmental resources with regard to these two primary objects of investigation. Evidence of a relationship between sprawl and air quality improvement was identified, but the evidence is ambiguous. More research appears warranted to explore the sprawl–air quality improvement relationship. Electronic Publication     

人力资本流动对地区经济增长差距的影响

由于具有不同教育背景和不同技术条件的劳动力对流入地经济增长的推动肯定是不相同的．因而我们有必要分别考察具有不同人力资本含量的劳动力对流入地经济增长的贡献。本文引入了一个包含异质型流动人口变量的函数。并对1985—1990年期间我国分地区流动人口的素质状况对地区经济增长的影响进行了研究。研究结果显示，在此期间．仅流动人口中的智力资本就为我国的经济增长带来了大约72．5亿元国民生产总值的价值；而分地区的研究结果显示．流动人口中的智力资本也极大地促进了东部地区和西部地区的经济增长。但是，对中部来说，在此期间的流动人口不管是从对劳动力数量的增长贡献上。还是从对本地区人力资本存量的增长贡献上，都对本地区经济增长产生了消极的影响。     

内蒙古东北部地区地下-地表饮用水源多环芳烃污染特征与风险

多环芳烃是水环境中普遍存在的有害污染物,了解多环芳烃的污染特征与风险水平对饮用水源地的可持续发展及饮水安全具有重要意义.为此,采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱定性定量分析法对内蒙古东北部地区的满洲里和新右旗饮用水源33个（包含22个地下水和11个地表水）采样点中多环芳烃的残留进行了测定,分析了多环芳烃的污染水平并进行了健康和生态风险评估.结果表明,研究区域饮用水源水体33个采样点均有PAHs检出,除苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a, h]蒽这3种单体检出率范围为36.36%～95.45%外,其余13种PAHs单体检出率均为100%.■检出范围为42.76～164.50 ng·L^-1,平均值为90.82 ng·L^-1,其中地表水和地下水中■检出范围分别为66.39～164.50 ng·L^-1和42.76～147.70 ng·L^-1.检出的PAHs单体ρ（萘）最大,平均值达36.91 ng·L^-1,ρ（蒽）最小,仅为0.81 ng·L^-1,其中地下水与地表...