南京市重点污染源对城区空气质量的影响

在基本掌握南京市各类污染源排放状况的基础上,运用南京市空气质量数值预报系统,对2005年1月南京市一次较为典型的天气条件形成的污染过程的数值模拟,计算分析了重污染发生时重点污染源对城区主要空气污染物质量浓度分布的贡献作用。结果表明,南京市城北工业区与主城区毗邻,而且污染物排放量较大,在冬季主导风向为东北风时对主城区污染物的质量浓度值具有显著的贡献。     

污染源自动监控设施监督管理的探

就《污染源自动监控设施运行管理办法》的基本内容和对运行单位的基本要求,以及环境监察、环境监测和环保局如何正确履行各自监督管理职能等方面进行探析。     

江苏省城市污泥中多环芳烃的含量及其主要影响因素分析

采用高效液相色谱,对江苏省21家代表性城市污水处理厂污水污泥中多环芳烃含量进行了分析.结果发现,污泥中含有7-16种PAH化合物,都是以2(或3)个苯环的化合物为主,而难降解4-6个苯环的化合物所占质量分数均较低.但污水来源及其处理方式、污泥处理方法等均影响着污泥中PAHs的含量及组成,消化可明显降低污泥中PAHs的含量.污泥中∑PAHs总量在11.68-169.91 mg·kg-1,各污泥间含量差异显著;具有致癌性的PAHs含量在1.17-41.03 mg·kg-1,平均值为6.59mg·kg-1;被列入中国环境"优先污染物"的PAHs含量在4.07-59.06 mg-kg-1之间.其中萘是江苏城市污泥中均含有的PAHs化合物,而对于强致癌性化合物苯并(a)芘,其含量相对较低,在污泥中含量一般在0-2.20 mg·kg-1,平均含量为0.15mg·kg-1,远低于我国农用污泥控制标准的3.0 mg·kg-1.     

我国工业区布局与城市规划建设间存在矛盾的分析

针对我国东部某沿海城市化工园区的建设和规划情况,分析目前的环境风险水平与周边地区建设发展规划存在的矛盾,并提出应尽快开展区域规划环评的建议。     

Resource allocation in transboundary tuna fisheries: A global analysis

Resource allocation is a fundamental and challenging component of common pool resource governance, particularly transboundary fisheries. We highlight the growing importance of allocation in fisheries governance, comparing approaches of the five tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (tRFMOs). We find all tRFMOs except one have defined resources for allocation and outlined principles to guide allocation based on equity, citizenship, and legitimacy. However, all fall short of applying these principles in assigning fish resources. Most tRFMOs rely on historical catch or effort, while equity principles rarely determine dedicated rights. Further, the current system of annual negotiations reduces certainty, trust, and transparency, counteracting many benefits asserted by rights-based management proponents. We suggest one means of gaining traction may be to shift conversations from allocative rights toward weighting of principles already identified by most tRFMOs. Incorporating principles into resource allocation remains a major opportunity, with important implications for current and future access to fish.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01371-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Sediment Source Fingerprinting: Transforming From a Research Tool to a Management Tool1

Abstract: Information on the nature and relative contribution of different watershed sediment sources is recognized as a key requirement in the design and implementation of targeted management strategies for sediment control. A direct method of assessing sediment sources in a watershed that has attracted attention in recent years is sediment fingerprinting. The aim of this article is to describe the development of sediment fingerprinting as a research tool and to consider how the method might be transformed from a research tool to a management tool within a regulatory framework, with special reference to the United States total maximum daily load (TMDL) program. When compared with the current source assessment tools in developing sediment TMDLs, sediment fingerprinting offers considerable improvement as a tool for quantifying sources of sediment in terms of source type (e.g., channel vs. hillslope) as well as spatial location (subwatershed). While developing a conceptual framework for sediment TMDLs, we recognize sediment fingerprinting along with sediment budgeting and modeling as valuable tools in the TMDL process for developing justifiable sediment TMDLs. The discussions presented in this article may be considered as a first step toward streamlining the sediment fingerprinting approach for its wider application in a regulatory framework.     

深圳市工业废水的等标污染负荷分析

结合第一次全国污染源普查的统计数据,本文利用等标污染负荷法对深圳市35个二级行业排放的12种污染物进行评价,结果表明,深圳市54．90％的工业污染源分布在通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业,金属制品业,塑料制品业,专用设备制造业,电气机械及器材制造业这5个行业中;深圳市二级行业的等标污染负荷最大的5个行业为：金属制品业〉通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业〉电气机械及器材制造业〉塑料制品业〉仪器仪表及文化、办公用机械制造业,这5个行业中最严重的污染物均为氰化物;工业污染源排放的12种污染物中,最严重的5种污染物为：氰化物〉六价铬〉总铬〉汞〉铅,其中氰化物、六价铬、总铬这3种污染物中最严重的污染行业均为金属制品业,汞、铅这两种污染物中最严重的污染行业均为通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业。     

基于复合叠加模型的地下水污染风险区划研究——以山东省临淄区为例

临淄区是著名的化工城,为区域经济发展带来了巨大的促进作用,然而在生产过程中产生的环境问题也十分突出。针对临淄区地下水分布广泛,地貌、水文地质条件复杂,化工企业众多,地下水污染风险控制因素复杂,采用地下水地层防污性能叠加污染源强度建立模型,划分了临淄区地下水污染风险高、较高、中、低风险区域。其中,堠皋地区污染风险高,地下水样品分析结果表明此区域内地下水苯系物污染严重,证实了污染风险划分的有效性及客观性。建议对高风险地区采取更为严格的防控措施,主要包括完善监管制度、联合采用多种措施阻断污染途径、查明污染来源及包气带、含水层联合处置的方式改善地下水质量。     

非常规水源补给的城市河道型水库水质改善与水生态修复专栏序言

沙河水库是北运河上游水系重要的节点和多源污染的重要聚集处.基于国家水专项北运河项目的“源-流-汇”全过程污染防控思路,沙河水库课题以改善水环境质量、提升水生态功能为目标,统筹“水环境、水资源、水生态和水动力”,识别和诊断其主要问题,研发与集成面向沙河水库的水环境质量改善与水生态修复关键技术;通过水位调控和工程示范,形成了适于非常规水源补给的城市河道型水库水质改善与水生态修复综合集成技术,支撑了沙河水库水环境质量改善及水生态修复综合示范区建设,促进了沙河水库水质改善和水生态功能提升,并支撑“北京市昌平区沙河湿地公园”项目获得了北京市发展和改革委员会批复立项.     

从田块到水体：基于源-流-汇理念的非点源污染全过程核算方法

目前,国内外已开展了大量农业非点源污染核算研究,但大部分经验模型缺乏对非点源污染入水体过程的考虑,而机理模型则受到资料限制,大尺度应用难度较大.针对传统研究面临的未考虑入水体过程、难以精细化模拟等核心问题,本研究基于源-流-汇理念和栅格汇流算法,构建了耦合源负荷核算、入水体过程核算、植被截留核算等模块的农业非点源污染物全过程核算方法(Grid confluence based agricultural nonpoint source pollution calculation method,GC-ANPSM).案例研究表明,GC-ANPSM方法具有较好的适用性,径流模拟误差为24.3%,总氮模拟误差为9.78%.该方法可为少监测资料地区的农业非点源污染物全过程核算提供理论和技术基础,同时为制定农业环境保护政策提供决策依据.