关于固体废物污染环境防治法修改的研究思考

2019年6月,《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法（修订草案）》（以下简称草案）经国务院审议通过,并初次提请全国人大常委会审议。草案修订力度之大,值得充分肯定。同时,草案还存在不少提升空间,需要进一步深入研究。本文以习近平生态文明思想为引领,按照中央全面依法治国委员会第二次会议提出的加强立法统筹、立改废释并举要求,剖析了当前我国固体废物环境管理及其立法修法中面临的挑战,以及存在的突出问题;并从明确固废污染防治立法原则、强化政府统筹管理、明确各部门职责、强化区域统筹、完善跨区域转移监管机制、统筹国内外相关法律法规及政策文件等方面提出了完善草案的建议,以期为我国固废管理决策和草案修改提供参考。     

环保行政强制执行制度的反思与重构

简述了环保行政执法与强制执行之间的关系，指出了我国现行的行政执法法律制度存在的不足。现行环保法律法规把强制执行的权力主要配置给法院，环保部门在行政执法中，很少有自行强制执行手段，不能有效遏制和减少环保违法行为的发生，降低了环保行政执法的效率和环保法律法规的威慑力，使环保行政执法的目的不能顺利和完全实现。提出环保行政强制执行制度必须改革。改革后的环保行政强制执行的模式应该是：环保行政强制执行权全部由环保行政主管部门行使，即自行执行；同时对环保行政主管部门行使强制执行权从程序制约、指导原则和救济保障措施上加以完善。     

A new categorization of release models using a semi-analytic solution

The spread of cryogenic liquid due to a limited period of release is investigated for the first time to clarify the unclear conventional concept regarding two release types: continuous and instantaneous release. The physical phenomenon is described by equations involving the volume, radius and height of the liquid pool, and there are three governing parameters: the evaporation rate per unit area, a release time, and a spill volume. As a result of the perturbation solutions, the combined model, which consists of the continuous model and the subsequent instantaneous model, is necessary for a large spill source rate, whereas the continuous model is only required for a small spill source rate. This combined release model is more realistic than the instantaneous release model, and it is shown that the combined model and the continuous model are clearly distinguished in the coordinate system of the release time and the spill volume using the analytical feature of the perturbation solution.     

A correlation of the lower flammability limit for hybrid mixtures

Hybrid mixtures are widely encountered in industries such as coal mines, paint factories, pharmaceutical industries, or grain elevators. Hybrid mixtures explosions involving dust and gas can cause great loss of lives and properties. The lower flammability limit (LFL) is a critical parameter when conducting a hazard assessment or developing mitigation methods for processes involving hybrid mixtures. Unlike unitary dust or gas explosions, which have been widely studied in past decades, only minimal research focuses on hybrid mixtures, and data concerning hybrid mixtures can rarely be found. Although methods to predict the LFL have been developed by using either Le Chatelier's Law, which was initially proposed for homogeneous gas mixtures, or the Bartknecht curve, which was adopted for only certain hybrid mixtures, significant deviations still remain. A more accurate correlation to predict an LFL for a hybrid mixtures explosion is necessary for risk assessment. This work focuses on the study of hybrid mixtures explosions in a 36 L dust explosion apparatus including mixtures of methane/niacin, methane/cornstarch, ethane/niacin and ethylene/niacin in air. By utilizing basic characteristics of unitary dust or gas explosions, a new formula is proposed to improve the prediction of the LFL of the mixture. The new formula is consistent with Le Chatelier's Law.     

Ten years of contested enforcement of the Forest Law in Salta,Argentina. The role of land-change science and political ecology

ABSTRACT

In this study, we present a critical account of the enforcement of the Forest Law in the Province of Salta, Argentina. We discuss whether the objectives of this law were accomplished and we analyze the role that some technical tools, coupled with specific theoretical approaches, could play in its future enforcement. We illustrate our analysis with data from a case study in the Chaco region of this Province. We identified, mapped and analyzed land claims by indigenous communities and small-scale agricultural producers, and large-scale land acquisitions, and we discuss how these two variables could be used to improve the technical accuracy and the social legitimacy of the zoning map required by the Forest Law. We conclude that a balanced combination of land-change science methods and political ecology can be useful to improve the fairness of decision-making processes and the sustainability of social-environmental governance in agricultural frontiers.     

Utilization of regression technique to develop a predictive model for hazard radius from release of typical methane-rich natural gas

The aim of hazardous area classification around equipment handling or storing of flammable fluids is to avoid the ignition of those releases that may occur from time to time in the operation of these equipment. There is a point source approach for the classification of hazardous areas which can estimate hazard radius by using hole size and release pressure. Methane-rich natural gas is widely used or produced in the process industries. Till date, there exist no reference that represents hazard radii for the wide range of possible hole sizes and release pressures of this fluid. The aim of the present study was to propose a predictive model for estimation of hazard radii due to releases of typical methane-rich natural gas based on hole size and release pressure. In this study, a complete database of hazard radii due to a broad range of hole sizes and release pressures was provided using available discharge and dispersion models. A regression-based model for estimation of hazard radii was developed based on the provided database. Performance investigation of the proposed model and a case study showed that the results are reliable with an acceptable standard error.     

关于《环境影响评价法》不确定问题的探讨

《环境影响评价法》的颁布与实施,在落实预防为主的环保方针、促进先评价后建设、推进产业合理布局和优化选址等方面取得了良好的效果,预防了许多因开发建设活动可能产生的环境污染和生态破坏,且在提升立法层次、拓宽评价范围和加强公众参与方面发挥了重要作用。与此同时,《环境影响评价法》的实施促进了环境影响评价的快速发展。使环境影响评价的覆盖面和环境影响评价制度的执行率得到了大幅度的提升。当然,多年的实践与运用,也显现了该法律的不完善之处。本文根据实际工作中遇到的情况,探讨了《环境影响评价法》个别条款,如环境影响后评价、环境影响报告书的内容及环境影响评价文件的审批时限等的不确定问题,并对不确定的方面进行了较为深入的分析,目的在于促进《环境影响评价法》的完善。     

环境保护中的公众参与制度分析

环境保护公众参与环节在环境保护理论与实践中具有十分重要的地位,要使环境保护得到有效实施必须要坚持公众参与制度。本文从环境保护公众参与的概念出发,在探讨公众参与原则的理论基础的前提下,论述了环境保护中的公众参与的必要性,通过我国环境保护公众参与制度的缺陷的分析,就如何建立完善的环境保护中的公众参与机制提出对策建议,以期完善我国公众参与环境保护的有效性。     

改进铁路餐饮服务经营安全监督管理的思考

阐述铁路餐饮服务监督管理工作中食用油及食品添加剂管理、旅游列车供餐及沿线伙食团管理、快餐配送及网络订餐、相关监督工作文书使用等,根据国家相关规定,结合铁路管理现状和工作实践提出了应对和解决建议。     

我国的环境立法

本文对我国环境立法的产生与发展，目的与功能，法律体系及其制定、实施，面临的挑战与发展趋势进行了全面的阐违。