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91.
92.
在分析当前我国土壤受石油污染的状况基础上,介绍目前修复石油污染场地土壤的技术,包括物理修复、化学修复和生物修复等.并对各种技术的修复原理、研究进展、优缺点及其发展趋势进行了综述,结合我国的研究现状与工作基础对该领域今后的研究方向与重点进行了展望. 相似文献
93.
This paper expands on air travel accident research by examining the relationship between air travel accidents and airline traffic or volume in the period from 1927–2006. The theoretical model is based on a representative airline company that aims to maximise its profits, and it utilises a fractional integration approach in order to determine whether there is a persistent pattern over time with respect to air accidents and air traffic. Furthermore, the paper analyses how airline accidents are related to traffic using a fractional cointegration approach. It finds that airline accidents are persistent and that a (non‐stationary) fractional cointegration relationship exists between total airline accidents and airline passengers, airline miles and airline revenues, with shocks that affect the long‐run equilibrium disappearing in the very long term. Moreover, this relation is negative, which might be due to the fact that air travel is becoming safer and there is greater competition in the airline industry. Policy implications are derived for countering accident events, based on competition and regulation. 相似文献
94.
BURGER J 《Environmental management》2000,26(5):469-478
With the ending of the Cold War, several federal agencies are reclaiming land through remediation and restoration and are
considering potential future land uses that are compatible with current uses and local needs. Some sites are sufficiently
contaminated that it is likely that the responsible federal agency will retain control over the land for the foreseeable future,
providing them with a stewardship mission. This is particularly true of some of the larger Department of Energy (DOE) facilities
contaminated during the production of nuclear weapons. The use of the term “restoration” is explored in this paper because
the word means different things to the public, ecologists, and environmental managers responsible for contaminated sites,
such as Superfund sites and the DOE facilities. While environmental restoration usually refers to remediation and removal
of hazardous wastes, ecological restoration refers to the broader process of repairing damaged ecosystems and enhancing their
productivity and/or biodiversity. The goals of the two types of restoration can be melded by considering environmental restoration
as a special case of ecological restoration, one that involves risk reduction from hazardous wastes, and by broadening environmental
restoration to include a more extensive problem-formulation phase (both temporal and spatial), which includes the goal of
reestablishing a functioning ecosystem after remediation. Further, evaluating options for the desired post remediation result
will inform managers and policy-makers concerning the feasibility and efficacy of environmental restoration itself. 相似文献
95.
Willem van Hees 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1977,13(2):215-230
ABSTRACT: A number of aspects of the discharging of non-oily wastewaters by transiting ships are treated in this overview paper. In the introduction, options to discharging (the use of holding tank, on board treatment) and the impact of changing regulations are discussed. Assessment of the effects of sewage discharges on coastal waters required that data, at first not available, be generated. An account is given of the characterization of Navy shipboard wastewaters and of experiments involving sewage discharges at sea, measurements of water quality before, during and after an amphibious operation, and fore and aft of transitting Navy ships. A better understanding of sewage dilution after discharge led to the verification of a method for controlled discharging of sewage (and other wastewaters). This method permits limiting the coliform bacteria count in the ship's wake to values below acceptable limits. The final sections contain information on long range effects of ships’sewage discharges, obtained in studies by the U.S. Navy and others, as well as public health considerations. 相似文献
96.
Yasushi?InoueEmail author Arata?Katayama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(1):48-57
An improved rescue number, RNSOIL, which is an indicator for evaluating remediation technologies for contaminated ground that is based on both the risk and the remediation cost, is proposed as a tool of risk communication. The risk posed by contaminated ground is indicated by the figure of treatment priority at time t, FTP(t), which represents the human health risk as the number of people affected by the contaminated ground at time t during the remediation process. The calculation of the value of FTP(t) is based on exposure to contaminants that have migrated through environmental media from the contaminated ground, and is estimated by using a CalTOX model and the Monte Carlo method. The integration of FTP(t) with time, which represents the cumulative number of people affected by the contaminated ground, is used to estimate the performance of individual remediation technologies in risk reduction. The figure of unprocessibility for waste (FUW), which represents difficulties in remediation, is expressed as the remediation cost. FUW is estimated by using actual costs per unit volume of remediated soil. As an overall performance value, the rescue number for each remediation technology for contaminated ground (RNSOIL) is calculated by multiplication of the integral FTP(t) by FUW. Smaller values of RNSOIL are judged to indicate a better technology. The rescue index (RI), calculated as the ratio of the reduction of the integral FTP(t) to FUW, indicates the cost-effectiveness of the remediation technologies. Successful estimation of the indices (FTP(t), integral FTP(t), FUW, RNSOIL and RI) demonstrate the usefulness of these indices in risk communication.Part of this paper was presented at 13th meeting of Japan Society of Waste Management Experts (2002) 相似文献
97.
Combined amendment reduces soil Cd availability and rice Cd accumulation in three consecutive rice planting seasons 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wenjun Yang Shilong Wang Hang Zhou Min Zeng Jingyi Zhang Fang Huang Shiping Shan Zhaohui Guo Hongwei Yi Zhiguang Sun Jiaofeng Gu Bohan Liao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(1):141-152
The scientific application of stabilized materials has been considered an effective method for the in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of the effect of a combined amendment of limestone and sepiolite(LS) on soil Cd availability and accumulation in rice grown in a mildly Cd-contaminated paddy field(0.45 mg/kg of Cd) over three consecutive rice seasons. 1125–4500 kg/ha of LS was applied to the soil before the first rice planting season and 5... 相似文献
98.
A practical method for the quantification of total purgeable organic sulfur (POS) in highly contaminated groundwater is described.
Volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSC) are purged from the water samples by a stream of oxygen and combusted. The emerging
sulfur dioxide is absorbed in H2O2 and converted to sulfate which is quantified by ion chromatography and reported as mass sulfur equivalent. The overall limit
of quantification is 0.03 mg l−1. The content of POS is balanced with the total VOSC determined by GC-AED after liquid–liquid extraction. Separate determination
of the non-volatile organic sulfur compounds by direct combustion of the water sample and adsorption to charcoal yielded a
mass balance of the total sulfur content. Semi-quantitative GC-MS after purge & trap accumulation revealed that the VOSC mixture
is composed of C1–C4 alkyl sulfides. The implementation of the developed methodology for the quantification of VOSC as potential catalyst poison
in a cleaning plant for groundwater contaminated with volatile haloorganics (VOX) is presented. 相似文献
99.
Six firing range soils were analyzed, representing different environments, firing conditions, and maintenance practices. The
particle size distribution and lead (Pb) concentration in each soil fraction were determined for samples obtained from the
backstop berms. The main factors that were found to influence Pb fragment size were the type of soil used to construct the
berms and the type of weapon fired. The firing of high velocity weapons, i.e., rifles, onto highly angular soils induced significant
fragmentation of the bullets and/or pulverization of the soil itself. This resulted in the accumulation of Pb in the finer
soil fractions and the spread of Pb contamination beyond the vicinity of the backstop berm. Conversely, the use of clay as
backstop and the use of low velocity pistols proved to be favorable for soil clean-up and range maintenance, since Pb was
mainly present as large metallic fragments that can be recovered by a simple screening process. Other factors that played
important roles in Pb particle size distribution were soil chemistry, firing distance, and maintenance practices, such as
the use of water spray for dust suppression and deflectors prior to impact. Overall, coarse Pb particles provide much easier
and more cost-effective maintenance, soil clean-up, and remediation via physical separation. Fine Pb particles release Pb
more easily, pose an airborne Pb hazard, and require the application of stabilization/solidification treatment methods. Thus,
to ensure sustainable firing range operations by means of cost-effective design, maintenance, and clean-up, especially when
high velocity weapons are used, the above mentioned factors should be carefully considered. 相似文献
100.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soil has caused public concern. The uptake of Cd by rice plants depends on soil Cd mobility, which is in turn substantially influenced by organic matter (OM). In this review, we first summarize the fate of Cd in soil and the role of OM. We then focus on the effects of OM on Cd mobility in paddy soil and the factors influencing the remedial effectiveness of OM amendments. We further discuss the performance of straw incorporation in the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils reported in laboratory and field studies. Considering the huge production of organic materials (such as straw) in agriculture, the use of natural OM for soil remediation has obvious appeal due to the environmental benefits and low cost. Although there have been successful application cases, the properties of OM amendments and soil can significantly affect the remedial performance of the OM amendments. Importantly, straw incorporation alone does not often decrease the mobility of Cd in soil or the Cd content in rice grains. Careful evaluation is required when considering natural OM amendments, and the factors and mechanisms that influence their remedial effectiveness need further investigation in paddy soil with realistic Cd concentrations. 相似文献