农产品产地土壤重金属外源污染来源解析及防控策略研究

分析了工业生产排放、污水灌溉、矿产资源开发、农业投入品施用、大气颗粒物降尘及固体废弃物堆放等农产品产地土壤重金属主要外源污染来源,在此基础上构建了包括工业过程源、固定燃烧源、灌溉水源、废弃物堆放源、流动源和农业投入品源的来源清单,并从建立健全源头预防和强化过程控制2个方面,提出了加强农产品产地土壤重金属污染监管的相关建议。     

浅谈应急心理干预对事故影响的作用

随着大工业的发展，其所带来的重大事故或自然灾害导致的事故后果常常可以和战争相提并论，其后果影响给与人们带来的心理恐慌和应急时产生的心理危机已经影响人们的正常生活，并逐渐被人们重视。因此心理危机干预已经逐渐成为抢险救灾的一个当然的组成部分，心理干预技术已经是成熟的，在国际上已经普遍被采用。当突发事故发生或当遇到突发事件伤害时，克服紧张情绪，沉着冷静并学会如何与人沟通，解决各种应急事件导致的心理障碍是非常重要的任务。     

USE OF DELPHI METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS GOALS AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF A WATERSHED PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: The major objective is to report the way the Delphi methodology was employed in an environmental study aimed at identifying and ranking goals and social impacts of Cooper Dam and Reservoir Project located in the East Texas area. The Delphi procedures were modified to accommodate the nature of social field under study. Data were collected through personal interviews from twenty-seven respondents representing the government agency responsible for planning the Project and three communities geographically contiguous to the project. The respondents were provided an initial list of the Project's goals and social impacts and were asked to rank them in terms of degree of importance and to add to the list other goals and impacts that they would consider necessary. Respondents were interviewed in two successive rounds. Data show that on the whole the Delphi procedures were helpful in action analysis of the Project by identifying and ranking its goals and social impacts in terms of selected criteria.     

有机修饰塿土对苯酚的吸附及其热力学特征

研究了用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）单一修饰和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵＋十二烷基磺酸钠（CTMAB＋SDS）混合修饰填土耕层、粘化层后土样对苯酚的吸附及其热力学特征,并对其吸附机理进行探讨．结果表明,填土两层次土样表面修饰后均能显著增强对苯酚的吸附能力,耕层土样对苯酚吸附呈现100GCB（100％CTMAB修饰耕层土样）〉120GCS（100％CTMAB＋20％SDS修饰耕层土样）〉50GCB（50％CTMAB修饰耕层土样）〉GCK（耕层原土）的趋势,粘化层土样相应地呈现100NCB（100％CTMAB修饰粘化层土样）〉50NCB（50％CTMAB修饰粘化层土样）〉120NCS（100％CTMAB＋20％SDS修饰粘化层土样）〉NCK（粘化层原土）的变化趋势;耕层原土吸附苯酚能力高于粘化层原土,但修饰后粘化层土样对苯酚的吸附能力超过耕层;两层次原土对苯酚的吸附呈现增温效应,但修饰后耕层土样转变为随温度上升吸附量下降的增温负效应特征,而粘化层修饰土样呈现增温效应特征,证实耕层修饰土样对苯酚以物理吸附为主,而粘化层修饰土样以化学吸附为主;Henry模型可用于描述苯酚在供试土样中的吸附;供试土样对苯酚的吸附属自发性反应,耕层修饰土样的吸附属焙减、熵减过程,自发性取决于焙减,而粘化层的吸附属焓增、熵增过程,自发性主要取决于熵增．     

Resolving whether botanic gardens are on the road to conservation or a pathway for plant invasions

A global conservation goal is to understand the pathways through which invasive species are introduced into new regions. Botanic gardens are a pathway for the introduction of invasive non‐native plants, but a quantitative assessment of the risks they pose has not been performed. I analyzed data on the living collections of over 3000 botanic gardens worldwide to quantify the temporal trend in the representation of non‐native species; the relative composition of threatened, ornamental, or invasive non‐native plant species; and the frequency with which botanic gardens implement procedures to address invasive species. While almost all of the world's worst invasive non‐native plants occurred in one or more living collections (99%), less than one‐quarter of red‐listed threatened species were cultivated (23%). Even when cultivated, individual threatened species occurred in few living collections (7.3), while non‐native species were on average grown in 6 times as many botanic gardens (44.3). As a result, a botanic garden could, on average, cultivate four times as many invasive non‐native species (20) as red‐listed threatened species (5). Although the risk posed by a single living collection is small, the probability of invasion increases with the number of botanic gardens within a region. Thus, while both the size of living collections and the proportion of non‐native species cultivated have declined during the 20th century, this reduction in risk is offset by the 10‐fold increase in the number of botanic gardens established worldwide. Unfortunately, botanic gardens rarely implement regional codes of conduct to prevent plant invasions, few have an invasive species policy, and there is limited monitoring of garden escapes. This lack of preparedness is of particular concern given the rapid increase in living collections worldwide since 1950, particularly in South America and Asia, and highlights past patterns of introduction will be a poor guide to determining future invasion risks.     

危险化学品名录研究

系统研究和比对了国际公约/协定中,欧盟、日本等发达地区/国家及我国的危险化学品名录。在比对研究的基础上,提出了制定我国危险化学品名录的原则,确定了与我国法规标准相一致、与联合国GHS制度相协调的我国优先监管危险化学品名录。     

浅谈动态工业源填报易出现的问题

按照国家环保部统一部署,2009年度全面开展了污染源普查数据更新调查工作。作为污染源调查的指导员,全面参加了动态更新调查工作,发现在填报过程中易出现问题的项目不少,文章总结、归纳了工业源填报易出现问题的项目,可供今后普查工作参考。     

吉林西部退化草原土壤盐渍化特征分析

对吉林西部退化草原六种常见植被类型下的土壤(0～20 cm)盐渍化特征进行了分析。采用国际上通用的土壤饱和浸提液电导率(ECe)、碱化度(ESP)和pH分别表征土壤的盐度、钠质化和酸碱程度。土壤盐度分为轻度、中度、重度和极度四个等级,对应的变化范围分别为:2～4、4～8、8～16、>16 dS m-1;土壤钠质化程度分为轻度、中度、重度和极度四个等级,对应的ESP范围分别为:5～10%、10～20%、20～40%、>40%;土壤酸碱性分为酸性、中性和碱性三种,对应pH范围分别为<6.5,6.5～8.5、>8.5。结果表明,植被类型对土壤盐度具有很好的指示作用,按土壤盐度由高到低排列,植被类型的顺序依次为:无植被(碱斑)、碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、碱茅(Puccinellia tenuiflora)、虎尾草(Chloris virgata)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)。碱斑地、碱蓬地、碱茅地和虎尾草地的盐渍土类型均为盐化钠质土(ECe>2 dS m-1,ESP>5%),其中碱斑地和碱蓬地土壤盐化程度为极度(26.54≤ECe≤176.80 dS/m)、钠质化程度为极度(50.22≤ESP≤94.54%);碱茅和虎尾草植被下土壤盐度分别为10.70≤ECe≤27.62 dS m-1和6.86≤ECe≤13.88 dS m-1,钠质化程度分别为30.97≤ESP≤60.26%和16.21≤ESP≤58.11%;芦苇地的盐化程度为1.56≤ECe≤3.37 dS/m,钠质化程度为轻度(7.82≤ESP≤15.88%);羊草地的土壤盐度和钠质化程度分别2.43≤ECe≤6.66 dS m-1和1.43≤ESP≤8.34%。就土壤pH而言,羊草地为中性(7.44≤pH≤8.23),芦苇地为中性和/或碱性(8.18≤pH≤10.02),虎尾草地、碱茅地、碱蓬地和碱斑地均为碱性(8.83≤pH≤10.63)。     

Dechlorination of 2,2＇,4,4＇,5,5＇-hexachlorobiphenyl by thermal reaction with activated carbon-supported copper or zinc

Activated carbon （AC）-supported copper or zinc made from ion exchange resin （IRCu-C and IRZn-C） have an increased metal load of 557.3 mg·g^-1 and 502.8 mg·g^-1 compared to those prepared by the traditional method involving impregnation with AC and copper （II） citrate or zinc citrate solution （LaCu-C and LaZn-C） of 12.9 mg·g^-1 and 46.0 mg·g^-1 respectively. When applied to decompose 2,2＇,4,4＇,5,5＇-hexachlorobiphenyl at 250 ℃, IRCu-C achieved higher activity of 99.0% decomposition efficiency than LaCu-C of 84.7%, IRZn-C of 90.5% and LaZn-C of 62.7%. When the reaction temperature rose to 350 ℃, all the four kinds of reactants can decompose PCB- 153 with efficiency above 90%. Further, X-ray photoelec- tron spectroscopy characterization of IRCu-C before and after the reaction indicated transformation of 19.1% of Cu atoms into Cu^2＋, illustrating that Cu is the active ingredient or electron donor promoting the decomposition of PCB- 153. The mechanism underlying this process differs from a traditional H donor. However, there is no significant change on the surface of IRZn-C before and after the reaction, suggesting that Zn acts as catalyst during the process of PCB-153 decomposition.     

Co- or Ni-modified Sn-MnOx low-dimensional multi-oxides for high-efficient NH3-SCR De-NOx: Performance optimization and reaction mechanism

NH₃-SCR performances were explored to the relationship between structure morphology and physio-chemical properties over low-dimensional ternary Mn-based catalysts prepared by one-step synthesis method.Due to its strong oxidation performance,Sn-MnOx was prone to side reactions between NO,NH₃ and O₂,resulting in the generation of more NO₂ and N₂ O,here most of N₂ O was driven from the non-selective oxidation of NH₃,while ...