全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1310篇 |
免费 | 104篇 |
国内免费 | 863篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 60篇 |
废物处理 | 17篇 |
环保管理 | 83篇 |
综合类 | 810篇 |
基础理论 | 914篇 |
污染及防治 | 280篇 |
评价与监测 | 98篇 |
社会与环境 | 14篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 33篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 59篇 |
2018年 | 62篇 |
2017年 | 92篇 |
2016年 | 85篇 |
2015年 | 117篇 |
2014年 | 101篇 |
2013年 | 281篇 |
2012年 | 139篇 |
2011年 | 128篇 |
2010年 | 84篇 |
2009年 | 113篇 |
2008年 | 87篇 |
2007年 | 104篇 |
2006年 | 108篇 |
2005年 | 84篇 |
2004年 | 66篇 |
2003年 | 66篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 41篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 50篇 |
1997年 | 39篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 38篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2277条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
21.
The adaptive significance of male polymorphism in the acarid mite Caloglyphus berlesei 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Jacek Radwan 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1993,33(3):201-208
Summary Two forms of males occur in the acarid mite, Caloglyphus berlesei. One of them uses its thickened third pair of legs to kill other males; the other, without modified legs, does not attack other males. Previous studies have shown that the form of the male is environmentally determined: fighter males develop only at low population densities and their development can be suppressed by substances emanating from dense colonies. In this study, the duration of development, longevity and virility of the two male morphs were measured. The only significant difference was that fighters had a shorter development time between the two last moults. In another experiment, two groups of colonies were maintained under the same conditions but had different numbers of individuals: small colonies contained 2 fighters and 2 non-fighters, whereas large colonies contained 30 males of each type. The relative reproductive success of both morphs was estimated from numbers of matings. In small colonies, the estimated reproductive success (ERS) was significantly higher for fighters than for non-fighters, mainly because in over 50% of these colonies a single fighter male managed to kill all the rival males and monopolize the females. The opposite was true in large colonies, in which non-fighters achieved significantly higher ERS, mainly because the fighters were killed in fights more often than the non-fighters. This implies that the ratio of costs to benefits obtained by adopting the fighter-male strategy increases with the number of rival males, which may explain conditional male development in C. berlesei. 相似文献
22.
环境中铬污染的生态效应及其防治 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
从生态效应的角度介绍了重金属铬在环境中的迁移、转化规律,重点论及了铬污染对人体健康厦水生生物等其他生物的影响、对水体自净作用的影响,指出Cr^6+的生态效应远比Cr^3+大的多。目前治理含铬工业废水和受铬污染土壤几种有效方法,旨在引起人们对环境中铬污染的生态效应产生足够的重视和防范。 相似文献
23.
Rai S. Kookana Raymond L. Correll Rosalind B. Miller 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(1-2):45-65
Pesticide users, natural resource managers, regulators, government agencies and many others are concerned about the off-site
impact of pesticides on the environment. Systematic methods of the assessment of potential risk of pesticides to environmental
components can serve as valuable tools in decision making and policy formulation. Simple risk indicators have been developed
which cover a range of scenarios such as toxicity to organisms, health of farm workers, consumer health, and residues in harvested
produce. The authors have developed a software package named Pesticide Impact Rating Index (PIRI) that outputs an improved
pesticide risk indicator for water quality. PIRI is a standalone, user-friendly, platform-independent program. It can be used
to (i) rank pesticides in terms of their relative pollution potential to groundwater or surface water, and (ii) to compare
different land uses in a catchment or at a regional scale in terms of their relative impact on water quality. It is based
on pesticides use; the pathway through which the pesticides are released to the water resources (drift, runoff, erosion, leaching)
and the value of the water resources threatened. Each component is quantified using pesticide characteristics (including toxicity
to organisms at different trophic levels, i.e. fish, daphnia, algae, etc.), environmental and site conditions (e.g. organic
carbon content of soil, water input, slope of land, soil loss, recharge rate, depth of water table, etc.). This paper describes
two case studies of the application of PIRI in Australia. The comparison of the risk assessment by PIRI on these revealed
that PIRI correctly estimated the pollution potential of pesticides in greater than 80% of cases. A GIS version of PIRI is
described in a companion paper in this volume.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
24.
25.
制革废水和印染废水的综合毒性评估及鉴别 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
研究采用成组生物毒性试验(发光菌急性毒性、斑马鱼幼鱼急性毒性,斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性和小球藻急性毒性),结合理化指标,通过毒性单位、平均毒性(average toxicity,Av Tx)、毒性指数(toxic print,Tx Pr)、最敏感的测试(most sensitive test,MST)和潜在毒性效应指数(potential ecotoxic effects probe,PEEP)对不同工艺阶段印染及制革废水进行毒性削减评估.结果表明PEEP能兼顾废水排放量与毒性效应,更为客观地表征了废水综合毒性,PEEP评价结果显示制革废水和印染废水的毒性削减率分别达到36.8%和23.2%.最后,以发光菌作为受试生物,采用毒性鉴别评估(toxicity identification evaluation,TIE)技术,对印染废水进行毒性鉴别.结果表明,印染废水中主要的致毒物质为非极性有机污染,其次为可滤性化合物,然后是重金属、氧化性物质以及挥发性物质. 相似文献
26.
使用中流量颗粒物采样器采集台州市2015—2016年大气PM_(2.5)样品,利用气相色谱-质谱仪对样品中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行分析,研究PAHs的污染特征及可能来源。结果显示:PAHs总浓度为(20.69±4.84)ng/m3,浓度季节变化大小顺序依次为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季,空间变化为商住区>工业区>背景点。PM_(2.5)中PAHs以高环为主(≥4环),占86%。不同季节商住区和工业区PAHs(4环)含量均略高于背景点,PAHs(5~6环)的含量商住区略高于工业区和背景点。PAHs环数分布和比值法结果表明台州市大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs的主要来源是机动车尾气和燃煤。成年人和儿童的终生超额致癌风险(ILCR)分别为8.02×10-7和5.61×10-7,表明台州市PM_(2.5)中PAHs对人体健康影响在可接受范围内。 相似文献
27.
为了解Sb(锑)对土壤无脊椎动物的毒性效应及对比不同类型土壤中Sb毒性的差异,选取死亡率、逃避率、繁殖数三组个体水平的评价指标研究了3种典型土壤(海伦黑土、祁阳红壤、北京潮土)中外源添加Sb对模式生物——跳虫(Folsomia candida)的急性毒性和慢性毒性效应.结果表明,基于实测w(Sb总)求得的上述3种土壤中Sb影响跳虫逃避的2 d-EC50(EC50为半数效应浓度)分别为298、>431[高于土壤中最高w(Sb总)]和132 mg/kg;影响跳虫死亡的7 d-LC50(LC50为半数致死浓度)分别为3 352、4 007、2 105 mg/kg;影响跳虫死亡的28 d-LC50分别为2 271、1 865、703 mg/kg,影响跳虫繁殖的28 d-EC50分别为1 799、1 323、307 mg/kg.由上述毒性阈值大小可知,跳虫逃避率的敏感性高于死亡率和繁殖数的敏感性,不同土壤中Sb对跳虫的毒性大小具有显著差异,北京潮土中Sb对跳虫的毒性与海伦黑土、祁阳红壤相比最大差别接近6倍,表明不同土壤理化性质对Sb生态毒性效应具有显著影响.但基于w(Sb水提)求得的上述3种土壤中Sb的毒性阈值差异减小,说明水提态Sb与其毒性具有显著相关性,可以较好地解释不同土壤间Sb毒性的差异.该研究结果可为建立我国土壤中Sb的毒性预测模型及制订Sb的质量标准值提供依据. 相似文献
28.
29.
文章采用析因设计的方法,研究沉积物水浸提液掺杂的多种重金属Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb和Ni对发光菌的联合毒性。通过对试验结果进行方差分析和多元线性回归,建立了重金属浓度和发光菌发光抑制率的关系模型:T=97.983Cu+41.111Cd-27.297Zn+129.869Pb+16.715Ni-5 803.639Cu*Cd+2 270.182Cd*Zn-6 411.870Cd*Pb-675.052Cd*Ni-3 108.544Pb*Ni+15 9552.434Cd*Pb*Ni+274 718.434Zn*Pb*Ni。模型分析结果表明:Zn对联合毒性产生负的影响,Cu、Cd、Pb、Ni对联合毒性具有正的贡献;Cd*Zn二元交互作用和Cd*Pb*Ni、Zn*Pb*Ni三元交互作用表现为协同作用,Cu*Cd、Cd*Pb、Cd*Ni、Pb*Ni二元交互作用表现为拮抗作用,而重金属四元和五元交互作用对联合毒性的贡献不显著。上述重金属联合毒性的作用可为沉积物中重金属复合污染控制提供参考。 相似文献
30.