环境工程学研究的新思考

本文在环境工程特征分析的基础上,运用现代系统科学原理,以环境理念和工程视角,阐述了环境工程学新领域、新思维和新方法的研究进展,进一步明确了环境工程学在经济社会发展中的重要作用。     

西北地区生态环境与可持续发展关系的实证研究

以研究西北地区的生态环境可持续发展为中心,采用实证研究,根据西北地区生态环境现状,对西北地区的资源条件进行分析。利用协调度,评估西北地区的可持续发展程度,指出以生态建设为中心的可持续发展战略在西北地区建设中的重要性,提出改善西北地区生态环境、实现可持续发展的建议与具体设想。     

固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的应用研究进展

固定化微生物技术是一种有效的废水生物处理技术,与一般生物处理法相比具有微生物密度高、反应速度快、耐毒害能力强、微生物流失少、产物分离容易、处理设备小型化等优点。对固定化微生物技术、微生物的固定化方法（包埋法、吸附法、共价结合法和交联法）、固定化载体的性能（压缩强度、耐曝气强度、扩散系数、耐生物分解性、对生物毒性、固定的难易、成本）及固定化技术在难降解有机污染物废水,含氨氮、重金属、农药、印染废水处理中的应用及研究进展状况进行了综述。     

危险废物等离子体处置技术装备的国产化研究与开发

结合我国危险废物集中处置设施建设的技术现状,对现行焚烧、安全填埋为主体工艺的处置技术体系和等离子体处置技术的特点、处置应用适应性等进行了分析。提出应大力研究开发危险废物等离子体处置国产化技术装备,逐步建立焚烧、等离子体处置、安全填埋3种主体工艺共存并相互匹配、补充的技术体系,并对研发的关键技术、实施措施及组织形式等进行了分析阐述,为开展我国危险废物处置工艺升级的技术装备研究开发提供借鉴。     

国内外冰川变化对水资源影响研究进展

冰川是重要的淡水资源,其变化不仅对高山及周边地区水资源有重要影响,而且还是影响海平面上升的重要因素,从而成为人们关注的焦点。论文总结了国内外相关研究进展,讨论了研究中存在的主要问题,认为国内的研究范围与深入程度与国外相比仍存在很大差距,突出表现在冰川融化对水资源影响的作用过程与机理研究很少,预测模型在种类、概念框架及技术手段等方面发展滞后。未来西部冰川水资源变化的社会经济与环境影响是西部大开发必须考虑的内容,因此急需加强相关监测与研究。     

垂管方式对环境监测质量管理体系的建设性意见

实现环境监测领域的垂直管理是国家做出的一项重要决定。这样有利于全面提高环境监测的质量,满足日益严格的环境监测质量工作需求。因此就需要创建出更加优质的环境检测质量管理体系,完善法律法规,利用垂直管理方式来全方位提高工作效果。本文将对利用垂管方式建设环境监测质量管理体系进行深入研究。     

Tumor promoting effects of cyanobacterial extracts are potentiated by anthropogenic contaminants--evidence from in vitro study

Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is affiliated with tumor promotion process and it has been employed as an in vitro biomarker for evaluation of tumor promoting effects of chemicals. In the present study we investigated combined effects of anthropogenic environmental contaminants 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) and fluoranthene, cyanotoxins microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin, and extracts of laboratory cultures of cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon gracile and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, on GJIC in the rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344. Binary mixtures of PCB 153 with fluoranthene and the mixtures of the two cyanobacterial strains elicited simple additive effects on GJIC after 30 min exposure, whereas microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin neither inhibited GJIC nor altered effects of PCB 153 or fluoranthene. However, synergistic effects were observed in the cells exposed to binary mixtures of anthropogenic contaminants (PCB 153 or fluoranthene) and cyanobacterial extracts. The synergistic effects were especially pronounced after prolonged (6-24 h) co-exposure to fluoranthene and A. gracile extract, when mixture caused nearly complete GJIC inhibition, while none of the individual components caused any downregulation of GJIC at the same concentration and exposure time. The effects of cyanobacterial extracts were independent of microcystin-LR or cylindrospermopsin, which were not detected in cyanobacterial biomass. It provides further evidence on the presence of unknown tumor promoting metabolites in cyanobacteria. Clear potentiation of the GJIC inhibition observed in the mixtures of two anthropogenic contaminants and cyanobacteria highlight the importance of combined toxic effects of chemicals in complex environmental mixtures.     

硫化物溶液标准物质稀释后稳定性的研究

本文在稀释后硫化物溶液稳定性实验研究的基础上,提出硫化物溶液用纯水稀释均匀性好,但稳定性差;用pH4.5的缓冲溶液稳定和用0.2%乙酸锌—乙酸钠溶液稀释可在2周内使用;用乙酸锌—乙酸钠溶液稀释,稀释溶液可稳定3周的结论。     

低温等离子体-催化协同净化有机废气研究进展

低温等离子体-催化协同净化技术是一种理想的环境污染治理技术,催化剂的加入可有效地提高废气治理的净化效果和二氧化碳的选择性,减少副产物的产生,并进一步降低能耗。分析了低温等离子体-催化协同净化有机废气的协同作用机理,阐述了反应器结构、催化剂参数、电参数以及工艺参数等对反应器性能的影响,并指出今后研究的发展方向。     

A bibliometric review of nitrogen research in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs

The global application of nitrogen is far greater than phosphorus, and it is widely involved in the eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs. We used a bibliometric method to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate nitrogen research in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs to reveal research developments, current research hotspots, and emerging trends in this area. A total of 2695 articles in the past 25 years from the online database of the Scientific Citation Index Expended(SCI-Expanded) were analyzed. Articles in this area increased exponentially from 1991 to 2015.Although the USA was the most productive country over the past 25 years, China achieved the top position in terms of yearly publications after 2010. The most active keywords related to nitrogen in the past 25 years included phosphorus, nutrients, sediment, chlorophyll-a, carbon,phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, water quality, modeling, and stable isotopes, based on analysis within 5-year intervals from 1991 to 2015 as well as the entire past 25 years. In addition, researchers have drawn increasing attention to denitrification, climate change, and internal loading. Future trends in this area should focus on:(1) nutrient amounts, ratios, and major nitrogen sources leading to eutrophication;(2) nitrogen transformation and the bioavailability of different nitrogen forms;(3)nitrogen budget, mass balance model, control, and management;(4) ecosystem responses to nitrogen enrichment and reduction, as well as the relationships between these responses; and(5)interactions between nitrogen and other stressors(e.g., light intensity, carbon, phosphorus, toxic contaminants, climate change, and hydrological variations) in terms of eutrophication.