微生物絮凝剂(MBF)研究策略与技术进展

当前微生物絮凝剂正处于理论研究与产业化交织阶段,文章较全面地综述了本领域研究策略和最新技术进展。研究策略体现出特异、高效、价廉、复合和联用等方向;总结了特异、高效产絮单菌株的筛选、廉价替代培养基的选用、产絮条件的优化等改善MBF应用的技术途径,并着重就近年来与微生物絮凝剂复合或联用的强化技术进行了探讨,包括复合型微生物絮凝剂、MBF与传统絮凝剂的复配、MBF与纳米材料的联用、絮凝微生物固定化技术等。在此基础上指出了微生物絮凝剂今后的发展方向,并提出了建议。     

佛山市汾江河流域水污染物排放标准研究

随着汾江河综合整治的深入,现有排放标准已无法满足汾江河流域水体治理要求,迫切需要收紧汾江河流域排放标准。本论文简单介绍了汾江河流域基本情况,确定了标准制定原则及技术路线,分析了汾江河水环境和工业污染源现状,从而确定流域重点污染源和特征污染物。通过建立水流-水质模拟系统,计算汾江河主要污染因子水环境容量,并进行标准实施后的效益分析。     

Designing for interaction in research environments: A case study

Graduate researchers are an essential part of higher education (HE) in terms of its contribution to knowledge and the wider economy, but how the work environment influences behaviour and productivity in this work domain is poorly understood. Nevertheless, building programmes continue with a detectable trend towards more open office designs. Beyond issues of cost-efficiency, this reflects a popular belief in the significance of face-to-face interaction to research productivity. Using a combination of subjective and quantitative methods, this case study investigates the validity of this claim and how a redesigned environment impacts upon work practices and collaboration within a community of researchers. Although the new environment was judged favourably by occupants and managers, analysis suggests a less positive behavioural response. Contrary to expectation, we conclude that providing open plan environments is not sufficient to produce more collaborative practices in HE. We argue that this would require changes in the organisational structure, the reward structure for individual and team-driven tasks, and the firm policing of the management of change.     

煤矿安全地理信息系统的研究进展及发展趋势

地理信息系统（GIS）作为目前发展最迅速的高新技术之一,在各个应用领域正在得到广泛的应用。煤矿安全GIS是描述、存储、分析、决策和输出矿井空间地理信息系统的一门技术。以煤矿安全管理为研究对象,总结了煤矿安全GIS的研究现状,并对其进行分类,分析认为,现阶段煤矿安全GIS主要有四个类型。并对这四个类型煤矿安全GIS的不足之处进行了详细的阐述。在此基础上提出并分析了了当前煤矿安全GIS中螈待解决的三个问题。研究表明：三维煤矿安全GIS和嵌入专家决策支持系统的新型煤矿安全GIS是今后一段时间内煤矿安全GIS的两个主要研究方向。结论对煤矿安全管理和煤矿安全GIS的进一步研究提供一定的参考。     

道路交通噪声自动监测中最少监测时间研究

以城市主干线为例,对长期道路交通噪声自动监测数据进行统计分析,得出道路交通噪声实施噪声自动监测时应采用的小时最少监测时间、日昼夜最少监测小时、季最少监测天数和年最少监测天数。     

异常性检测算法在引信干扰信号识别中的应用

目的 解决传统分类引信抗干扰算法因干扰信号难获取、特征信号样本少、正负样本数不平衡而导致计算精度低的问题,克服引信抗干扰算法对样本的依赖性,并提高引信信号识别准确率。方法 通过WVD时频变换的方法,将拆分后的真实含扰引信信号切片进行重组,使其由一维时序信号向二维图片信息进行扩展,基于数据倍增策略,提升算法泛化性,并降低其对真实数据样本的依赖。融合GANomaly与EfficientNet网络,在扩充的引信数据集上进行线下干扰信号特征学习,并对含扰引信图像数据进行线上异常性判断与干扰信号识别。结果 GE-FS网络能够在真实引信小样本信号的基础上进行有效数据扩充,基于扩充数据训练后,引信含扰识别准确率达到98.4%。结论 GE-FS网络能有效针对引信异常信号进行精确检测与识别,可以增强引信系统的抗干扰能力与作战自适应性。     

The missing pieces for better future predictions in subarctic ecosystems: A Torneträsk case study

Arctic and subarctic ecosystems are experiencing substantial changes in hydrology, vegetation, permafrost conditions, and carbon cycling, in response to climatic change and other anthropogenic drivers, and these changes are likely to continue over this century. The total magnitude of these changes results from multiple interactions among these drivers. Field measurements can address the overall responses to different changing drivers, but are less capable of quantifying the interactions among them. Currently, a comprehensive assessment of the drivers of ecosystem changes, and the magnitude of their direct and indirect impacts on subarctic ecosystems, is missing. The Torneträsk area, in the Swedish subarctic, has an unrivalled history of environmental observation over 100 years, and is one of the most studied sites in the Arctic. In this study, we summarize and rank the drivers of ecosystem change in the Torneträsk area, and propose research priorities identified, by expert assessment, to improve predictions of ecosystem changes. The research priorities identified include understanding impacts on ecosystems brought on by altered frequency and intensity of winter warming events, evapotranspiration rates, rainfall, duration of snow cover and lake-ice, changed soil moisture, and droughts. This case study can help us understand the ongoing ecosystem changes occurring in the Torneträsk area, and contribute to improve predictions of future ecosystem changes at a larger scale. This understanding will provide the basis for the future mitigation and adaptation plans needed in a changing climate.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01381-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

科技支撑美丽中国建设的进展和展望

自党的十八大提出美丽中国建设目标以来，为发挥好科技支撑作用，国家组织开展了一系列关于资源、生态和环境等领域的科技计划，有效支撑了美丽中国建设的理论探索、生态环境保护修复和生态文明体制建设决策支持等方面的科技需求。本文在梳理过去十年国际及发达国家生态环境领域科技研发布局情况，以及我国相关领域科技研发计划和推进情况的基础上，重点介绍了中国科学院“美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程”战略性先导科技专项（A类）的主要研发内容及取得的阶段进展，并基于现状与期望分析，辨识有关领域科技前沿动态与发展趋势，提出关于下一步科技发展方向的建议，以期为党的二十大之后科技推进美丽中国建设的方向提供参考。