水质在线监测系统在城镇污水处理厂的应用研究

水质在线监测系统作为自动化、信息化、科学化的现代高效的监管模式,已经纳入到城镇污水处理厂的日常管理工作中。文章以大连市某城镇污水处理厂为例,介绍了在线监测系统的实际运行情况,结果表明:监测数据准确度较高,总体运行安全可靠。     

一株好氧反硝化菌的分离及特性研究

利用富集培养的方法从城镇污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离到1株好氧反硝化菌,命名为CW。通过形态、生理生化特征和16SrRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosteroni)。生长特性的研究表明最佳碳源是乙酸钠,最佳碳氮比10:1,最佳DO4.0～6.0mg/L,在此条件下培养24h后,对初始浓度108mg/L的硝酸盐降到27mg/L,去除率达到75%,亚硝酸盐积累仅为4mg/L。以组合载体为填料,挂膜后对污水进行处理,HRT48h,DO5.0mg/L左右,氨氮去除率达到95%左右,最终的NO3-N和NO2-N分别由起始的40～52mg/L和21～28mg/L降为--12～15mg/L和7～9mg/L。     

关于含油废水处理方法的研究

通过对含油废水处理方法的分析,归纳出适合于不同含油废水的相应方法,供有关企业在选用处理含油废水设备时借鉴。     

西北地区生态环境与可持续发展关系的实证研究

以研究西北地区的生态环境可持续发展为中心,采用实证研究,根据西北地区生态环境现状,对西北地区的资源条件进行分析。利用协调度,评估西北地区的可持续发展程度,指出以生态建设为中心的可持续发展战略在西北地区建设中的重要性,提出改善西北地区生态环境、实现可持续发展的建议与具体设想。     

危险废物等离子体处置技术装备的国产化研究与开发

结合我国危险废物集中处置设施建设的技术现状,对现行焚烧、安全填埋为主体工艺的处置技术体系和等离子体处置技术的特点、处置应用适应性等进行了分析。提出应大力研究开发危险废物等离子体处置国产化技术装备,逐步建立焚烧、等离子体处置、安全填埋3种主体工艺共存并相互匹配、补充的技术体系,并对研发的关键技术、实施措施及组织形式等进行了分析阐述,为开展我国危险废物处置工艺升级的技术装备研究开发提供借鉴。     

气体污染源中总氟的监测方法研究

通过对玻璃纤维滤筒的预处理,在等速采样情况下达到完全捕捉烟气中的总氟。     

Design of Experimental Streams for Simulating Headwater Stream Restoration1

Huang, Jung-Chen, William J. Mitsch, and Andrew D. Ward, 2010. Design of Experimental Streams for Simulating Headwater Stream Restoration. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00467.x Abstract: Headwater streams flowing through agricultural fields in the midwestern United States have been extensively modified to accommodate subsurface drainage systems, resulting in deepened, straightened, and widened streams. To restore these headwater streams, partial or total reconstruction of channels is frequently attempted. There are different approaches to reconstructing the channel, yet there is little evidence that indicates which promises more success and there has been no experimental work to evaluate these approaches. This study designs three experimental channels – two-stage, self-design, and straightened channels – on a human-created swale at the Olentangy River Wetland Research Park, Columbus, Ohio, for long-term evaluation of headwater stream evolution after restoration. The swale receives a continuous flow of pumped river water from upstream wetlands. Using streamflow and stage data for the past 12 years, a channel-forming discharge of 0.18 m³/s was estimated from bankfull discharge, effective discharge, and recurrence interval. These stream channels, after construction, will be monitored to evaluate physical, chemical, and biological responses to different channels over a decade-long experiment. We hypothesize that the three stream restoration designs will eventually evolve to a similar channel form but with different time periods for convergence. Monitoring the frequency and magnitude of changes over at least 10 years is needed to document the most stable restored channel form.     

Tumor promoting effects of cyanobacterial extracts are potentiated by anthropogenic contaminants--evidence from in vitro study

Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is affiliated with tumor promotion process and it has been employed as an in vitro biomarker for evaluation of tumor promoting effects of chemicals. In the present study we investigated combined effects of anthropogenic environmental contaminants 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) and fluoranthene, cyanotoxins microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin, and extracts of laboratory cultures of cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon gracile and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, on GJIC in the rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344. Binary mixtures of PCB 153 with fluoranthene and the mixtures of the two cyanobacterial strains elicited simple additive effects on GJIC after 30 min exposure, whereas microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin neither inhibited GJIC nor altered effects of PCB 153 or fluoranthene. However, synergistic effects were observed in the cells exposed to binary mixtures of anthropogenic contaminants (PCB 153 or fluoranthene) and cyanobacterial extracts. The synergistic effects were especially pronounced after prolonged (6-24 h) co-exposure to fluoranthene and A. gracile extract, when mixture caused nearly complete GJIC inhibition, while none of the individual components caused any downregulation of GJIC at the same concentration and exposure time. The effects of cyanobacterial extracts were independent of microcystin-LR or cylindrospermopsin, which were not detected in cyanobacterial biomass. It provides further evidence on the presence of unknown tumor promoting metabolites in cyanobacteria. Clear potentiation of the GJIC inhibition observed in the mixtures of two anthropogenic contaminants and cyanobacteria highlight the importance of combined toxic effects of chemicals in complex environmental mixtures.     

垂管方式对环境监测质量管理体系的建设性意见

实现环境监测领域的垂直管理是国家做出的一项重要决定。这样有利于全面提高环境监测的质量,满足日益严格的环境监测质量工作需求。因此就需要创建出更加优质的环境检测质量管理体系,完善法律法规,利用垂直管理方式来全方位提高工作效果。本文将对利用垂管方式建设环境监测质量管理体系进行深入研究。     

Integrative research on environmental and landscape change: PhD students' motivations and challenges

The growing demand for integrative (interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary) approaches in the field of environmental and landscape change has increased the number of PhD students working in this area. Yet, the motivations to join integrative projects and the challenges for PhD students have so far not been investigated. The aims of this paper were to identify the understanding of PhD students with regard to integrative research, their motivations to join integrative projects, their expectations in terms of integration and results, and to reveal the challenges they face in integrative projects. We collected data by a questionnaire survey of 104 PhD students attending five PhD Master Classes held from 2003 to 2006. We used manual content analysis to analyse the free-text answers. The results revealed that students lack a differentiated understanding of integrative approaches. The main motivations to join integrative projects were the dissertation subject, the practical relevance of the project, the intellectual stimulation of working with different disciplines, and the belief that integrative research is more innovative. Expectations in terms of integration were high. Core challenges for integration included intellectual and external challenges such as lack of knowledge of other disciplines, knowledge transfer, reaching depth, supervision, lack of exchange with other students and time demands. To improve the situation for PhD students, we suggest improving knowledge on integrative approaches, balancing practical applicability with theoretical advancement, providing formal introductions to other fields of research, and enhancing institutional support for integrative PhD projects.