巴东县黄土坡B标段滑坡治理工程施工安全管理浅析

我国是地质灾害比较严重的国家,在地质灾害防治过程中,还没有一套现成的安全管理办法,笔者对全国最大的地质灾害防治工程一巴东县黄土坡B标段滑坡治理工程安全管理实践进行总结分析,以期与同仁探讨地质灾害防治安全管理有效办法,减少施工中的人员和财产损失。     

福州第二水源山仔水库营养类型的判定及变化趋势分析

对1998～2002年山仔水库监测数据．运用属性识别方法进行评价分析,其结果表明,这5年来湖泊富营养化程度有明显减弱的趋势,但1998年水体达极富营养状态．在2001年后水质有明显好转。通过判定该水库5年的营养状态,分析其变化趋势．可找出引起富营养化的原因。     

丹江口水库沉积物重金属形态分布特征及其迁移能力

以丹江口库区及其支流为研究对象,采用连续分级提取法研究了表层沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb各形态的空间赋存特征和相对比例,探讨了各形态金属的稳定度并对其进行污染评价.结果表明,表层沉积物各形态金属分布都具有明显的空间差异性,高值集中于库区中部、西部入库支流和丹江库区西北部.沉积物中Pb的可还原态、Cd的弱酸提取态占总量的质量分数较高,分别达到54.91%和42.19%,其余重金属则以残渣态为主.重金属稳定度分析表明,8种金属稳定性顺序为Cr >Pb >As >Ni >Cu >Hg >Zn >Cd,Cd在大部分点位处于不稳定状态,快速解吸释放的风险较大.     

Two-dimensional habitat modeling of Chinese sturgeon spawning sites

Since the construction of the Gezhouba Dam in the 1980s, the number of Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze River has been rapidly declining. The Gezhouba Dam has cutoff the migration path of these sturgeon, resulting in an overall reduction of suitable sturgeon habitat. This paper describes a habitat suitability index model that is used to evaluate the impacts of the Gezhouba Dam and Three Gorges Project on Chinese sturgeon spawning sites. Based on research concerning the reproduction characteristics of Chinese sturgeon, ten major ecological factors that influence reproduction were analyzed, including: water temperature, velocity, water depth, substrate, suspended sediment concentration, and the amount of egg predatory fish. The suitability index (SI) curves based on these ten ecological factors were obtained, and a habitat suitability function was developed. A two-dimensional mathematical model was also created to simulate and predict physical habitat situation (such as hydraulic, sediment, and substrate) of the Chinese sturgeon. By coupling the habitat suitability function and a two-dimensional mathematical model, a habitat suitability index model for Chinese sturgeon was established. The habitat suitability index model was validated by comparing measured data with predictions from the model. These comparisons showed that the computed results agreed well with the measured results, and the high calculated habitat suitability index (HSI) corresponded to high measured quantity of eggs per unit (1000 m³) discharge (CPUE_d). The calculated habitat suitability index for Chinese sturgeon also showed that the habitat suitability index was better in 1999, before the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, compared with the habitat suitability in 2003. Simulation results of different discharges from Gezhouba Dam predicted that flow discharges between 10,000 and 30,000 m³/s were most suitable for sturgeon spawning.     

Neural network modeling of dissolved oxygen in the Gru?a reservoir, Serbia

The objective of this study is to develop a feedforward neural network (FNN) model to predict the dissolved oxygen in the Gru?a Reservoir, Serbia. The neural network model was developed using experimental data which are collected during a three years. The input variables of the neural network are: water pH, water temperature, chloride, total phosphate, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia, iron, manganese and electrical conductivity. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the influence of input variables on the dependent variable. The most effective inputs are determined as pH and temperature, while nitrates, chloride and total phosphate are found to be least effective parameters. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to train the FNN. The optimal FNN architecture was determined. The FNN architecture having 15 hidden neurons gives the best choice. Results of FNN models have been compared with the measured data on the basis of correlation coefficient (r), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean square error (MSE). Comparing the modelled values by FNN with the experimental data indicates that neural network model provides accurate results.     

改进USLE模型及其在于桥水库非点源污染敏感区划分中的应用

根据于桥水库周边流域非点源污染的特点,在充分考虑污染源与水库的距离以及库体自净作用因子的基础上,对饮用水源地非点源敏感区划分的通用土壤流失方程（USLE）方法进行了改进。结合2009年库区周边的ETM遥感影像、数字高程模型（DEM）和土地利用类型等数据,应用改进的USLE模型对库区周边非点源污染敏感区划分进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,库区西部的敏感性明显高于东部,库周的别山镇、五百户镇、渔阳镇、穿芳峪乡和马伸桥镇的水库沿岸是非点源污染敏感度较高的区域,是非点源污染的优先控制区。     

Coalbed methane reservoir data and simulator parameter uncertainty modelling for CO2 storage performance assessment

Laboratory studies and a number of field pilots have demonstrated that CO₂ injection into coal seams has the potential to enhance coalbed methane (CBM) recovery with the added advantage that most of the injected CO₂ can be stored permanently in coal. The concept of storing CO₂ in geologic formations as a safe and effective greenhouse gas mitigation option requires public and regulatory acceptance. In this context it is important to develop a good understanding of the reservoir performance, uncertainties and the risks that are associated with geological storage. The paper presented refers to the sources of uncertainty involved in CO₂ storage performance assessment in coalbed methane reservoirs and demonstrates their significance using extensive digital well log data representing the Manville coals in Alberta, Canada. The spatial variability of the reservoir properties was captured through geostatistical analysis, and sequential Gaussian simulations of these provided multiple realisations for the reservoir simulator inputs. A number of CO₂ injection scenarios with variable matrix swelling coefficients were evaluated using a 2D reservoir model and spatially distributed realisations of total net thickness and permeability.     

三峡库区（湖北部分）珍稀濒危保护植物资源现状

对长江三峡库区（湖北部分）宜昌,兴山,秭归和巴东４县的调查表明,三峡库区天然分布有殂稀濒危植物４０种,隶属２７科３６属,分别占湖北省总数６２种和全国总数３８８种的６４．５％和１０．３％;天然分布有国家重点保护植物１３１种,隶属２７科７３属,分别占湖北省总数的２０６种和全国总数的１７００多种的６３．６％和７．７％,其中国家一级保护植物有红豆杉、南方红豆杉、珙酮、光叶珙酮４种。国家二级保护植物有金毛狗     

清江水布垭水库农村移民安置区环境容量研究

清江是长江流出三峡之后的第一条大支流,发源于鄂西利川市,自西向东流经湖北省的１０个县（市）,于宜都市注入长江,在清江建设水布垭水电站是“流域,梯极,滚动,综合”开发利用清江水利资源的重要决策,将促进区域经济的发展。水布垭水库淹没涉及巴东,鹤峰,建始,宣恩,恩施５县（市）的陆地面积５５．４ｋｍ＾２,其中耕园地１１４７．８ｈｍ＾２。     

三峡库区水土保持与生态环境改善

介绍了三峡库区水土流失现象,分析了水土流失发生的原因,阐述了水土流失对库区生态环境的影响。主要表现在：破坏土地资源,淤毁水利工程、抬高河床,加强洪旱等灾害,污染水资源。