Ink and dirt behavior in pulping after artificial aging of cold-set offset printed newspapers in different humidity conditions

Although moisture has a decisive role in the permanence of cellulose and unprinted paper, its role in ink release from the surface of printed recovered papers remains unclear. This work aimed to determine whether various relative humidity levels in the artificial aging test affect ink release from the surface of the paper and its fibers when pulping cold-set offset printed newspapers in alkaline pulping conditions. The results showed that relative humidity variations from 30% to 70% negligibly affected ink release at 60 °C. However, compared with these lower humidity levels, exposure to 90% relative humidity for at least 25 h resulted in a higher ink content bound to fibers, a greater formation of visible dirt specks after pulping and a smaller formation of microscopic ink particles. In practical applications, the accurate estimation of climate effects during the storage and the transportation of recycled papers requires that humidity conditions are taken into account while performing artificial aging tests with paper products.     

钢结构栓接板面抗滑移系数试验新法

此文详细介绍了一种钢结构栓接板面抗滑移系数试验的新方法,该方法简便、实用.     

建设节水型社会评价指标体系及赋权方法研究

针对某市10个县区节水的实际情况,依据层次分析法原理建立了节水型社会评价指标体系,分别采用两种客观性赋权方法(相关系数法、相似系数法)来确定指标体系中各层指标的权重,这样即保留了层次分析法分类清楚、解释性强的特点,又发挥了客观赋权法人为因素少的优点。     

Long-term dynamics of biomass production, soil chemical properties and plant species composition of alluvial grassland after the cessation of fertilizer application in the Czech Republic

The resilience, the ability of an ecosystem to recover after termination of perturbation, of highly productive Alopecurus grassland was investigated after the cessation of the following long-term fertilizer treatments applied under a two- or three-cut management regime: unfertilized control, PK, N₁₀₀PK, N₂₀₀PK, N₃₀₀PK and N₄₀₀PK. Annual application rates of pure nutrients per hectare were 0–400 kg for N, 40 kg for P and 100 kg for K. The dynamics of biomass production were measured for 16 years and the effect of former fertilizer treatments on soil chemical properties, biomass chemical properties, plant species composition and species richness were investigated 16 years after the last application of fertilizers. It was concluded that 16 years was not long enough to achieve resilience in plant-available soil P and K concentrations, N/P ratios in the plant biomass or plant species composition, but that it was long enough to achieve resilience in species richness. In the case of biomass production the effect of former fertilizer treatments was apparent in 10 of the 16 seasons investigated, indicating that resilience in biomass production must be evaluated using data from more than 1 vegetation season. The results of the study stress the necessity for long-term research because of high year-to-year variability in biomass production as well as long-term after-effects of fertilizer treatments in alluvial grassland.     

土壤悬浮液中五氯酚钠（PCP-Na）的分析方法研究

探索了利用紫外分光光度法测定土壤悬浮液中五氯酚钠的方法。采用紫外可见分光光度计,选定在波长255．6nm处测定土壤悬浮液中五氯酚钠的含量,所得线性回归方程为Y=0．0287X＋0．0022,相关系数r=0．9999,检测限为0．016mg／L,加标回收率为93．357％～95．907％,实验结果表明此法简单、快速,准确性较高。     

重点区域环境空气质量监测方案与评价方法探讨

我国区域性大气污染问题频频发生,成为当前亟待解决的重大环境问题。区域联防联控工作需要建立相应的区域空气质量监测体系和评价方法,这对已有的监测体系提出了新的要求。在区域监测体系中需要增加臭氧、细粒子等区域性污染物及其前体物的监测,同时设立区域监控点使监测网络覆盖面由城市建成区拓展到广大近郊及农村地区。采用移动式柱浓度监测和卫星遥感监测等多样化监测手段结合超级空气站来增强区域综合监测和源解析能力。在区域内搭建监测信息共享平台和实时发布机制并建立区域空气质量预警预报系统。建立区域内统一的质量管理和质量控制方案,城市监测点质控工作由所在省市管理,区域监控点质控工作由国家统一直管。采用分区分层次的区域空气质量评价方法,评价因子包括所有六项监测指标。     

氨法脱硫试验研究分析

为研究氨法脱硫中气液比、吸收液pH值、吸收液浓度以及进口烟温对脱硫效果的影响,设计了一套实验台,以亚硫酸铵为吸收剂进行了实验研究和分析.结果表明,气液比越小,脱硫效率越高;吸收液pH值越大,脱硫效果越好;脱硫效率随吸收液浓度的增大先增加后减小,中间存在最大值;而温度对脱硫效果的影响不大.同时可根据此结果,气液比选择在0.2～0.25L/m3范围,pH值选择为6～7.5范围,吸收液浓度为5.5％左右时,可使脱硫效果达到最好.     

复合过滤法处理生物质焦油废水技术的研究

采用"复合过滤法"处理生物质焦油废水,通过分析生物质焦油废水水质特点,筛选出滤料的种类、确定滤料的配置比,并经实验对比分析。结果表明,经复合过滤法处理后的焦油废水COD、焦油、SS的去除率分别达到54%、60%、68%。该技术工艺简单,运行成本低,管理方便,可广泛用于农村生物质气化站的焦油废水处理。     

航天发射场偏二甲肼废气处理技术的现状和发展趋势

主要对国内外航天发射场偏二甲肼废气处理技术的现状和采用的处理方法进行了评述，并提出了今后的发展趋势．     

在役钢筋混凝土拱桥病害分析和力学性能研究

结合某在役三跨钢筋混凝土拱桥结构的现场检测,对该拱桥结构的静、动力力学性能进行了有限元计算。获得了大桥静载下的变形信息和振动特性信息,为大桥的抗震、抗风分析建立了基础;通过验算荷载对布载最不利位置的检验,全面评估大桥的安全状态;通过静载实测的数值与有限元模型数值的对比,研究了拱桥的力学性能,评估分析了拱桥结构过早出现病害的主要原因,为在役拱桥的安全性评价和健康诊断提供了理论依据。