高炉渣制备聚硅酸硫酸铝铁混凝剂

以高炉渣为原料,分别采用酸浸及碱浸-酸化工艺得到铁、铝离子及聚硅酸,再将铁、铝离子引入聚硅酸制得聚硅酸硫酸铝铁(PSAFS)混凝剂。考察了PSAFS的聚合条件对焦化废水混凝效果的影响,并与市售混凝剂进行了对比。实验结果表明:PSAFS的最佳制备条件为n(Al+Fe)∶n(Si)=0.53,混凝剂p H=1,熟化时间0.5 h,熟化温度60℃;PSAFS加入量为4 m L/L时,混凝效果最好,对焦化废水的浊度和COD的去除率分别达到98.9%和74.5%;PSAFS的性能优于市售的3种混凝剂。     

不同退耕年限下菜子湖湿地土壤活性铝形态特征

选取菜子湖区不同退耕年限(3、5、7、9、11和21 a)湿地、以仍耕油菜地和原始湿地土壤为研究对照,分析了土壤全铝和活性铝形态组分特征,探讨退耕还湖后湿地土壤铝元素组分特征变化及其生态效应。结果表明,研究区土壤全铝含量和活性铝含量分别在16.78~57.05 g/kg和1 699.94~3 823.49 mg/kg之间,其中活性铝总量占全铝含量的6.70%~11.84%。退耕还湖3~11a期间,土壤全铝、活性铝总量及5种形态活性铝总体均随退耕年限延长而增加;退耕11~21 a期间均下降。不同形态活性铝中,可溶性铝Al S含量最低,而酸溶无机铝和腐殖酸铝Al-HA含量较高,分别占活性铝总量的42%~53%和39%~50%,左右着活性铝总量的变化。分析讨论表明退耕后湿地植被和水文条件的改变导致土壤粘粒,有效磷和有机质的变化,进而影响退耕后土壤活性铝组分特征。其中0~5 cm土壤毒性较强的交换性铝Al3+和羟基铝Al(OH)2+、含量均在退耕3~9 a期间逐渐增加,占活性铝总量的比例也有所增加,该退耕期湿地土壤存在一定的铝毒生态风险。     

用氟离子电极测定土壤溶液中无机单核铝的实验验证

本文在Ａｌ－Ｆ体系中、验证了氟离子电极直接电位法测定和区分溶液中无机单核铝结果的可靠性。研究结果表明,氟离子电极直接电位法测定结果的相对误差在±５％以内。在非２５℃上,采用校正温度影响的平衡常数进行计算,结果与２５℃条件下无明显差别。     

Al与F的络合作用对土壤吸附Al和F的影响

研究了Al-F络合作用对土壤吸附Al和F的影响以及吸附前的溶液中铝化学形态的差异。提高Al或F的加入量将人别使分配在土壤溶液中的F或Al的数量增加，即Al-F络合作用地使Al和F在土壤固-液间的分配平衡向液相移动，土壤对Al-F络合物吸附程度很小，吸附前，3种不同F/Al比溶液中Al^3 ，AlF^2 的浓度随着F/Al比的增加逐渐降低，AlF2^ ,AlF3^0的浓度则逐渐升高，与土壤作用后，溶液中Al主要与AlF^2 ,AlF2^ 的形式存在，以AlF^2 的数量居多。     

高强铝合金海洋大气环境剥层腐蚀研究

通过7B04铝合金海洋大气环境户外和棚下暴露试验,研究了7B04铝合金的宏观/微观腐蚀特征及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明,7B04铝合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀表现为点蚀—晶间腐蚀—剥层腐蚀的规律,棚下暴露比户外暴露严重,反面暴露比正面暴露严重。同时,从显微组织、晶间电偶腐蚀、腐蚀产物＂楔入作用＂等方面剖析了7B04铝合金剥层腐蚀的机理。     

Adsorption behavior of condensed phosphate on aluminum hydroxide

Sodium pyrophosphate （pyro-P, Na4P2OT）, sodium tripolyphosphate （tripoly-P, Na3P3O10）, and sodium hexametaphosphate （meta-P, （NaPO3）6） were selected as the model compounds of condensed phosphate to investigate the adsorption behavior of condensed phosphate on aluminum hydroxide. The adsorption was found to be endothermic and divisible into two stages： （1） fast adsorption within 1 h; and （2） slow adsorption between 1 and 24 h. The modified Freundlich model simulated the fast adsorption stage well; the slow adsorption stage was described well by the first-order kinetics. The activation energies of pyro-P, tripoly-P, and meta-P adsorption on aluminum hydroxide were determined to be 20.2, 22.8 and 10.9 kJ/mol P adsorbed, respectively, in the fast adsorption stage and to be 66.3, 53.5 and 72.5 kJ/mol P adsorbed, respectively, in the slow adsorption stage. The adsorption increased the negative charge of the aluminum hydroxide surface. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis analyses provided evidence that the adsorption was not uniform on the surface and that the small crystals contributed more to the fast adsorption than the normal sites did. The results from X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests also revealed the uneven adsorption of condensed phosphate as a function of the penetration depth. More condensed phosphates were adsorbed on the outer surface of aluminum hydroxide than in its inner parts.     

新型混凝剂处理印染废水的实验研究

采用自行制备的具有不同SiO2 :Al:Fe(摩尔比值 )和碱化度的两类新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅酸氯化铝铁 (PSAFC)和聚硅酸硫酸铝铁 (PSAFS)各 7种 ,直接对印染废水进行处理。从中选出 2种混凝剂 ,考察了pH值、混凝剂投量等对混凝效果的影响 ,并对混凝处理后 ,印染废水出水中残留混凝剂主要成分Al、Fe、SiO2 的含量进行分析。实验结果表明 ,氯化物型 (PSAFC)和硫酸盐型 (PSAFS)混凝剂对印染废水的色度、浊度、CODCr均有良好的去除效果 ;总体而言 ,PSAFS的混凝效果略优于PSAFC ;混凝处理后印染废水出水中残留铝、铁、硅的含量均比较低 ;pH值和碱化度对混凝剂在水体中残留铝含量有影响     

Effects of advanced oxidation pretreatment on residual aluminum control in high humic acid water purification

Due to the formation of disinfection by-products and high concentrations of Al residue in drinking water purification, humic substances are a major component of organic matter in natural waters and have therefore received a great deal of attention in recent years. We investigated the effects of advanced oxidation pretreatment methods usually applied for removing dissolved organic matters on residual Al control. Results showed that the presence of humic acid increased residual Al concentration notably. With 15 mg/L of humic acid in raw water, the concentrations of soluble aluminum and total aluminum in the treated water were close to the quantity of Al addition. After increasing coagulant dosage from 12 to 120 mg/L, the total-Al in the treated water was controlled to below 0.2 mg/L. Purification systems with ozonation, chlorination, or potassium permanganate oxidation pretreatment units had little effects on residual Al control; while UV radiation decreased Al concentration notably. Combined with ozonation, the effects of UV radiation were enhanced. Optimal dosages were 0.5 mg O3/mg C and 3 hr for raw water with 15 mg/L of humic acid. Under UV light radiation, the combined forces or bonds that existed among humic acid molecules were destroyed; adsorption sites increased positively with radiation time, which promoted adsorption of humic acid onto polymeric aluminum and Al(OH)3(s). This work provides a new solution for humic acid coagulation and residual Al control for raw water with humic acid purification.     

铝盐混凝除砷影响因素及机制研究

铝盐混凝法被广泛应用于饮用水除砷工程.本研究选取三氯化铝(AlCl3)和富含Al13的聚合氯化铝(PACl)为絮凝剂,考察铝形态、pH值、腐殖酸(HA)以及共存阴离子对砷去除的影响与机制.结果表明,2种絮凝剂对As(Ⅲ)去除效能较低,对As(Ⅴ)去除率可达到近100%.pH影响混凝过程中铝形态分布,从而对铝盐混凝除砷效能产生重要影响.铝盐除砷效能与混凝过程中的Al13形态含量呈正相关关系.由于竞争吸附作用,HA和部分共存阴离子对砷的混凝去除产生负面影响.HA对混凝效能影响与絮凝剂投药量相关,投药量越低,则影响越大.PO34-和F-对混凝除砷效能影响显著,SiO23-、CO23-和SO24-对混凝除砷效能影响较小.本研究将对饮用水强化混凝去除原水中砷具有指导意义.     

土壤与酸性含氟溶液相互作用特征及机理研究

通过反复多次提取实验方法模拟了酸性含氟溶液与红壤和赤红壤相互作用过程。结果表明：在相互作用过程中，土壤中氟含量不同对土壤溶液pH有明显不同的影响。当氟含量较低时氟离子对土壤溶液pH的影响不明显；当浓度较高时则可大大提高土壤溶液的pH，缓冲土壤酸化。在第一次提取中因氟的大量吸附可减少溶液中铝的浓度，且氟含量越高铝浓度越少量越大。随提取次数增加土壤溶液中铝、氟浓度同时增加，且氟含量越高铝浓度越大，其中氟以AI－F络合物为主。