两种典型大气环境下7A85铝合金的腐蚀行为研究

目的研究湿热海洋、干热沙漠两种典型大气环境对7A85铝合金腐蚀行为的影响。方法在万宁、敦煌两种典型环境中开展7A85铝合金大气暴露试验,利用金相显微镜分析7A85铝合金在我国两种典型大气环境中的腐蚀特征,定期测试该材料的拉伸强度和腐蚀深度。结果暴露3 a,7A85铝合金湿热海洋、干热沙漠两种典型大气环境中的最大腐蚀深度分别为254、90μm,抗拉强度分别下降了18%和5%,断后伸长率分别下降了72%和22%。结论 7A85铝合金暴露于相对湿度较低的干热沙漠环境,表面形成的腐蚀产物膜会阻止腐蚀的进一步发生;暴露于湿热海洋大气环境,随暴露时间的延长,7A85铝合金腐蚀逐渐加深。     

自然环境因素对铝合金大气腐蚀的影响性研究

目的 研究铝合金大气腐蚀受自然环境因素的影响性,探索环境因素对铝合金腐蚀的影响规律。方法 采用多层感知器神经网络分析环境因素对7种铝合金平均腐蚀速率的影响。结果 确定了影响铝合金腐蚀损伤的重要因素为SO2沉积率、Cl^–沉积率、NOx沉积率;辅要因素为年降雨量、年雾露时数、相对湿度、年日照时数、温度、铝合金成分;次要因素为年累积降水时数、雨水pH值。结论 基于多层感知器神经网络分析有效展现了环境因素对平均腐蚀速率的影响性。     

铝硅镁4004钎料对冷板与硅酸盐体系乙二醇冷却液腐蚀相容性的影响研究

目的研究不同钎料对冷板与硅酸盐体系乙二醇冷却液的腐蚀相容性影响。方法以铝合金3A21为基材,以不同铝硅镁箔4004为钎料,采用真空焊接的方法制备不同的铝合金冷板,将乙二醇冷却液加注在冷板中,在40℃开展压力测试。利用金相分析、扫描电子显微镜对冷板内部微观形貌和结构进行研究。结果铝硅镁箔4004中硅元素质量分数为13.29%时,焊接的冷板在3个月时间范围压力升高800 kPa;而硅元素质量分数为10.99%时,冷板在同样的条件下压力未见明显改变。两种冷板在焊接部位和翅片部位显示出截然不同的硅偏析现象。结论这种硅偏析现象可能导致了冷板在乙二醇冷却液不同的产气现象。     

酸性溶液中铝-氟反应动力学

研究了酸性溶液中铝氟反应的动力学，结果表明，铝氟之间的反应速率随温度和ｐＨ的升高而增加．低ｐＨ下以Ａｌ３＋＋Ｆ－＝ＡｌＦ２＋反应为主，较高ｐＨ下由于ＡｌＯＨ２＋参与反应及ＯＨ－的催化作用，反应速率加快．在铝的浓度比氟过量１０倍的情况下，铝氟之间的反应可以用一级反应动力学方程来拟合，即为假一级反应．当ｐＨ＜３８时，柠檬酸和草酸的存在使反应速度加快，而当ｐＨ＞３８时，有机酸使铝氟反应速度变慢．有机酸在不同的ｐＨ下存在不同的作用机制．     

Flocculating characteristic of activated sludge flocs: Interaction between Al3+ and extracellular polymeric substances

Aluminum flocculant can enhance the flocculating performance of activated sludge.However,the binding mechanism of aluminum ion(Al 3+) and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) in activated sludge is unclear due to the complexity of EPS.In this work,threedimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy(3DEEM),fluorescence quenching titration and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) were used to explore the binding behavior and mechanism between Al 3+ and EPS.The results showed that two fluorescence peaks of tyrosineand tryptophan-like substances were identified in the loosely bound-extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS),and three peaks of tyrosine-,tryptophanand humic-like substances were identified in the tightly boundextracellular polymeric substances(TB-EPS).It was found that these fluorescence peaks could be quenched with Al 3+ at the dosage of 3.0 mg/L,which demonstrated that strong interactions took place between the EPS and Al 3+.The conditional stability constants for Al 3+ and EPS were determined by the Stern-Volmer equation.As to the binding mechanism,the-OH,N-H,C=O,C-N groups and the sulfurand phosphorus-containing groups showed complexation action,although the groups in the LB-EPS and TB-EPS showed different behavior.The TB-EPS have stronger binding ability to Al 3+ than the LB-EPS,and TB-EPS play an important role in the interaction with Al 3+.     

钾长石分解副产物制聚硅酸硫酸铝的研究

钾长石分解制钾肥是钾肥制造的一条重要途径。钾长石低温分解制钾肥过程中会产生大量含铝副产物,探讨了该含铝副产物用于研制污水处理的絮凝剂聚硅酸硫酸铝(PSAS),进行了PSAS的污水处理试验。试验表明,以钾长石分解产物为主要原料制备聚合硅酸铝是可行的,其除浊性能优良,经改性后的PSAS脱色效果良好,为钾长石副产物的利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

Residual gasoline saturation in unsaturated soil with and without organic matter

The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of one variable, natural organic matter, on residual gasoline saturation in sandy soils. Capillary pressure-saturation (P_c−S) relationships (air-gasoline) were determined for three physically-similar sandy soils, with different organic carbon contents (0.086%, 0.89% and 1.65%) and residual gasoline saturations were compared. Two initial moisture conditions, residual water saturation and air-dry, were evaluated. One soil type was packed to two different bulk densities. Visualization of the soils using cryo-scanning electron microscopy was performed to aid in better understanding the role of the organic matter in the soil. The results showed that soils with higher organic contents had higher residual gasoline saturations when starting with an initially air-dry soil. Increasing the bulk density of the same air-dried soil resulted in an increase in residual gasoline saturation. In the presence of a residual water saturation, however, residual gasoline saturations were virtually identical for the three soils and independent of bulk density; approximately 5–10 times lower than in soil that was initially air-dry. The presence of the residual water effectively coated the surface of the soil thereby reducing or eliminating gasoline/soil interactions. Some residual water may also be occupying very small pore spaces, making these locations inaccessible to the gasoline.     

AN ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT PHOSPHORUS INACTWATION,KEZAR LAKE,NEW HAMPSHIRE1

ABSTRACT: Aluminum sulfate and sodium aluminate were utilized as sediment phosphorus inactivants to improve the water quality of a northeastern eutrophic lake. A four-year monitoring program has provided an extensive lake-database utilized to evaluate the short-and long-term effectiveness of sediment phosphorus inactivation as a lake restoration technique. An immediate impact of treatment was marked by a reduction in hypolimnetic BOD and dissolved oxygen deficit, lower chlorophyll-a and phosphorus concentrations, improved transparency, and the elimination of obnoxious blue-green phyto-plankton blooms. For two to three years after treatment, these pa-rameters continued to exhibit both less variability and improved values over the pre-treatment conditions. The improved water quality conditions warranted an upgrade of the lake trophic status from eutrophic to mesotrophic. Four years after the treatment, the mean hypolimnetic total phosphoru.s and chlorophyll-a have increased and transparency has decreased from initial post-treatment levels. Although long-term trends show water quality decreasing since the treatment, the water quality has stabilized at a level suitable for recreation. A major benefit is an increase in the average attendance at the lake by almost 2,000 people per summer.     

酸雨对茶树中铝的形态分布及生态化学影响

建立茶树中铝的化学形态分析方法,探讨铝在茶树老叶、芽叶及培植土等一系列化学行为及与其它元素的关系,就酸雨对茶树中铝形态的影响进行了模拟实验,结果为茶树在我国西南酸雨地区的种植和生态协调提供信息.     

给水厂废弃铁铝泥对湖泊沉积物好氧氨氧化作用的影响

给水厂废弃铁铝泥(Ferric and aluminum residuals,FARs)可用于控制湖泊沉积物磷释放.因此,在实际应用之前对FARs的风险进行评估非常重要.本研究通过室内富集实验,考察FARs对沉积物中氨氧化菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)活性、丰度和多样性的影响.结果表明:投加FARs后,沉积物对氨氮的去除能力微弱提高.富集后沉积物中AOB丰度增加,投加FARs的沉积物中AOB丰度达到1.32×108copies·g-1,而未投加FARs的沉积物中AOB丰度为1.14×108copies·g-1.此外,amo A基因的系统发育分析表明富集前后沉积物中的AOB均附属于Nitrosospira和Nitrosomonas两个种属,并且投加FARs沉积物中AOB的多样性略高于未投加的.综上结果表明,FARs回用于湖泊富营养化控制的同时,将有益于沉积物中好氧氨氧化作用的进行.