Elemental uptake by edible herbs and lettuce (Latuca sativa)

The total concentration of toxic elements (aluminum, cadmium, chromium and lead) and selected macro and micro elements (iron, manganese, copper and zinc) are reported in six leafy edible vegetation species, namely lettuce, spinach, cabbage, chards and green and red types of Amaranth herbs. Although spinach and chards had greater than 125 mv of iron, both the amaranthus herbs recorded > than 320 μ g g^{? 1} dry weight. In both the spinach and chard species, the Mn and Zn levels were appreciable recording > 225 μ g g^{? 1} and 150 μ g g^{? 1} dry weight, respectively. Aluminum concentrations were (in μ g g^{? 1} dry weight) lettuce (10), cabbage (11), spinach (167), chards (65), amaranthus green (293) and amaranthus red (233). All the micro and macro elements and the toxic elements (Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb) elements analyzed, were below the recommended maximum permitted levels (RMI) in vegetables. Further the elemental uptake and distribution of the nine elements, at three growth stages of the lettuce plant grown on soil bed under controlled conditions are detailed. In the soil, except for iron (16%), greater than 33% of the other cations were in exchangeable form. Generally in the lettuce plant, roots retained much of the iron (> 224 μ g g^{? 1}) and aluminum (> 360 μ g g^{? 1}), while leaves had less than 200 μ g g^{? 1} of iron and 165 μ g g^{? 1} of Al. Although the concentrations of elements marginally decreased with growth, the lettuce leaves had significant amounts of Mn (30 μ g g^{? 1}), Zn (50 μ g g^{? 1}) and Cu (3.6 μ g g^{? 1}). Some presence of lead in leaves (2.0 μ g g^{? 1}) was noticed, but all the toxic and other elements analyzed were well below the RMI values for the vegetables.     

聚合硅酸铝铁絮凝剂中铁的形态分布与转化

以AlCl₃·6H₂O ,FeCl₃·6H₂O ,Na₂CO₃,盐酸和硅酸钠为原料制备了不同碱化度B及不同n(Al)∶n(Fe)∶n(Si)摩尔比的系列聚合硅酸铝铁絮凝剂 (PAFSC) ,采用Fe -Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了PAFSC中铁的形态分布情况 ,考察了熟化时间、制备工艺及n(Al)∶n(Fe)∶n(Si)对PAFSC中铁的形态分布的影响情况。研究结果表明 :随着熟化时间的延长 ,铁和聚硅酸摩尔数的增加 ,PAFSC中铁的形态由低聚物向高聚物转化.      

用废铝渣制备聚合硫酸铝

将铝材厂前处理过程产生的废铝渣用硫酸溶解,然后加入有机添加剂等进行聚合反应,制备新型水处理剂——聚合硫酸铝（PAS）。用PAS与聚合氯化铝（PAC）进行絮凝对比实验,结果表明,对于硅藻土浊度水、水源水和工业废水等,PAS比PAC具有更优异的除浊、脱色、去除COD和悬浮物的效果。该工艺既可回收利用废铝渣,又可省去废渣处置费用,为废铝渣的综合利用提供了实用技术。     

Uptake of aluminum by lipid vesicles

Aluminium uptake and tight binding were studied in multilayered phospholipid liposomes, as a model for cellular uptake of aluminum ions. Most of these studies were conducted with an initial aluminum concentration of 10 μM, while aluminum superficially bound to liposomes was removed by citrate chelation. Maximum uptake and tight binding of aluminium were pH‐dependent. In dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes, this maximum occurred in the neutral pH region, while it was shifted towards more acidic pH values in DMPC liposomes containing 20% of acidic phosphatidylserine. The initial rate of aluminum uptake was apparently dependent on the physical state of the liposome membrane. Prior formation of an aluminum‐citrate chelate prevented aluminum uptake and tight binding to DMPC liposomes.     

基于两参数Weibull模型的预腐蚀2A12铝合金材料裂纹萌生寿命评估

铝合金在航空工业中广泛应用,因此对于铝合金构件的寿命评估很重要。腐蚀损伤使得裂纹容易萌生,因此降低铝合金结构的疲劳寿命。铝合金构件在其服役过程中,裂纹萌生寿命占据了大部分的时间,研究腐蚀损伤对于铝合金材料的裂纹萌生寿命的影响具有重要意义。由于腐蚀疲劳影响因素众多,数据分散性很大,因此本文引入weibull分布模型评估腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展,对于损伤容限评估具有重要意义。     

预腐蚀LD2铝合金腐蚀坑向裂纹转化研究

本文主要研究微结构对于腐蚀坑的生长,腐蚀坑向裂纹的转化过程,以及导致最终断裂的主导有效裂纹。对于两种厚度的LD2铝合金试件在3.5%NaCl溶液中进行了腐蚀疲劳试验。试验结构表明微结构对于腐蚀坑向裂纹的转化过程以及疲劳裂纹扩展具有重要影响。     

水稻土团聚体Cu2+吸附过程中铝的溶出及土壤溶液pH变化

采用低能量超声波分散和冷冻机干燥法提取太湖地区水稻土(黄泥土)不同粒径团聚体颗粒,用平衡吸附法研究团聚体对重金属Cu2+吸附过程中铝的溶出及土壤溶液pH变化,以及不同pH的Cu2+溶液中铝的溶出量的变化.结果表明,团聚体对Cu2+的吸附过程,发生铝的溶出和土壤溶液pH下降,溶出量和pH下降幅度随Cu2+吸附量增加而增加,相同条件下铝溶出量和pH下降幅度大小顺序为:粗粉砂级>粉砂级>砂粒级>黏粒级,与氧化铁和有机质含量大小顺序相反.Cu2+溶液pH下降,铝的溶出量增加显著.氧化铁和有机质对Cu2+吸附过程铝的溶出和土壤溶液pH下降具有一定的抑制和缓冲作用.     

西南地区再生铝冶炼行业二(口恶)英大气排放

采用现场监测方式调查了西南地区5家再生铝冶炼企业废气中PCDD/Fs排放情况.结果表明,5家再生铝企业废气中PCDD/Fs浓度范围(以TEQ计,下同)为0.015~0.16 ng·m-3,平均为0.093 ng·m-3;PCDD/Fs排放因子范围为0.041~4.68μg·t-1,平均排放因子2.01μg·t-1;其中,坩埚熔炼炉的PCDD/Fs排放因子最高.各家再生铝冶炼企业废气中17种PCDD/Fs异构体分布特征差异明显.另外,仅安装了布袋除尘装置企业的废气中R PCDF/PCDD最低,为1.7;而其他安装了水冷或水喷淋设施企业的废气中R PCDF/PCDD为3.8~12.6(平均7.7).以上结果表明,再生铝冶炼企业PCDD/Fs生成机制与废气处理装置类型关系密切.本研究结果为我国制定再生铝行业排放标准和最佳可行性技术指导规范提供了技术支撑.     

发达国家资源综合利用体系概要分析

欧美等发达国家在促进循环产业发展、推行资源综合利用方面积累了丰富经验。其相关政策和手段体现了世界先进的资源管理思想和方法。对发达国家资源综合利用法律体系、政策制度、生产者延伸责任制、利益机制和技术体系等多方面进行了概要的分析与总结,以期对我国资源综合利用产业化发展提供一定的借鉴。     

参数对2A12铝合金微动疲劳局部塑性影响分析

目的研究局部塑性对微动疲劳的影响。方法建立2A12铝合金圆柱/平面微动疲劳有限元模型,考虑塑性作用进行有限元分析,研究微动疲劳参数对局部塑性的影响。结果局部塑性变形发生在试件表面或次表面,最大等效塑性变形随着微动垫半径的减小而增大。随着轴向应力的增加,最大切向应力增加;随着摩擦系数的增加,剪应力的最大值急剧增加,粘着区增加,滑移区减小,但摩擦系数对整个接触区的大小没有影响。结论微动疲劳参数对局部塑性有一定的影响。