T700碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料与2A12铝合金电偶腐蚀研究

目的研究电偶腐蚀行为。方法根据飞机服役过程中面临的典型气候条件,对T700碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料与2A12铝合金连接在不同环境温度(0,10,20,30,40℃)、不同p H值(3,5,7)和不同质量分数(3.5%,7%,10%Na Cl溶液)电解质溶液条件下进行电偶腐蚀实验,并分析各参数对电偶腐蚀的影响规律和电偶腐蚀对材料的影响。结果随着电解质溶液温度、Na Cl浓度的升高和p H值(限酸性环境)的降低,腐蚀电流逐渐增大。结论电偶腐蚀过程对复合材料影响不大,铝合金腐蚀破坏加重。     

铝冶炼行业主要危险废物的判别分析研究

铝冶炼产业在国民经济和社会发展中具有极其重要的地位和作用,在铝冶炼生产过程中,会产生大量危险废物,如处置不当会造成严重污染。但如何判别危险废物是环境管理中的难点问题,危险废物判别是技术性、专业性很强的工作,本文对铝冶炼业产生危险废物的类型、环节进行了分析,以供环境部门和相关企业作为针对危险废物环境管理的判别依据。     

Modeling of the influence of sample preparation sequences when measuring selectively induced residual stress depth profiles

The selective introduction of compressive residual stresses is gaining increasing importance as design tool in today's manufacturing process chains. Manufacturing processes such as shot peening or hydraulic autofrettage are used to improve the surface integrity, and hence the fatigue life of the components. However, measuring the corresponding residual stress depth profiles is a challenging task as the results will always include the manufacturing and preparation history of the components. In this paper, results of residual stress measurements with X-ray diffraction and optical hole-drilling after autofrettage and sample preparation are presented and compared to a finite element analysis for two representative geometries. The presented approach can be used to predict the influence of the mandatory sample preparation procedure. As a consequence, the effectiveness of the manufacturing process to improve the surface integrity can be predicted more precisely and wrong interpretations of the measured residual stress depth profiles can be avoided.     

喷气偏流板装置腐蚀损伤特点及防护措施研究

目的研究喷气偏流板的腐蚀损伤。方法以喷气偏流板装置结构特点入手,通过对腐蚀的分类及产生原因分析,研究了喷气偏流板装置的腐蚀损伤特点。结果冷却面板存在连接处的剥蚀、面板内部海水流道点蚀和防滑涂层高温腐蚀等三种腐蚀情况,运动执行机构在各连接处容易发生缝隙腐蚀。结论提出了喷气偏流装置在生产加工和日常使用维护中的腐蚀防护措施。     

飞机用7B04铝合金缝隙腐蚀试验及仿真研究

目的开展飞机用7B04铝合金缝隙腐蚀仿真研究,理解缝隙腐蚀机理,找出影响缝隙腐蚀的关键因素。方法分析缝隙腐蚀类型,开展缝隙腐蚀试验,建立缝隙腐蚀数学模型,选择合适的边界条件,利用有限元法进行仿真计算。结果缝隙内pH值分布计算结果与试验测量值一致,缝隙口与外部液体/大气连接时,缝隙内溶液分别呈酸性或碱性。缝隙口溶液电势较低,缝隙口附近的铝合金腐蚀较快,含Al腐蚀产物多集中在缝隙口附近。缝隙宽度在0.1~0.3 mm范围内变化不影响铝合金腐蚀速率;缝隙深度增加,缝隙口与底部溶液电势差增大,铝合金腐蚀面积增大,但铝合金最大腐蚀电流密度不变。电位升高,缝隙内铝合金的腐蚀加剧,电位提高10 m V,腐蚀24 h后缝隙内铝合金界面的腐蚀电流密度增加59倍,Al(OH)_2Cl的最大浓度为自然电位下的30倍。结论缝隙腐蚀主要受缝隙外部阴极还原反应影响,电位对铝合金缝隙腐蚀的影响最大,飞机结构中应避免高电位材料同铝合金直接接触。     

酸浸赤泥制备含碳聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂及其污泥脱水性能研究

以改性淀粉、拜尔法赤泥为原料,制备了含碳聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂(R-CSiAFS),研究其对污泥的脱水性能,并采用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热重分析仪(TGA)对R-CSiAFS复合絮凝剂进行表征.结果表明,赤泥经硫酸前处理后,总铁(TFe)和Al~(3+)的浸出率分别为81.44%和96.83%.在(Al+Fe)/淀粉质量比为0.55/1,最佳pH=3.0,SiO_2质量分数为0.375%的条件下制得最优R-CSiAFS.利用此絮凝剂进行污泥脱水实验,当投加量为330 mg·L~(-1),污泥体系pH为7.0时,污泥比阻SRF降低了92.3%,沉降比SV30从90.0%降低到79.9%.     

双氧水与硫酸铝联用改善污泥脱水性能的试验研究

基于化学溶胞和絮凝剂单独调理污泥,均能在一定程度上改善污泥脱水性能。通过联用双氧水和硫酸铝对污水厂剩余污泥进行调理,分析两者联用对污泥脱水性能的改善效果,探求最佳的试验条件。将污泥脱水滤液回用至原泥(含水率80%),探求滤液回用在两种药剂联用下对脱水性能的改善效果。试验结果表明:在双氧水和硫酸铝联合调理下,污泥的脱水性能有明显改善;两者联用的最佳条件如下:初始污泥pH=3,投加2 mL/L(AR H_2O_2体积/湿污泥体积)的双氧水,调理60 min,再投加0.2 g/g的硫酸铝。     

改性活性氧化铝除磷性能的试验

为提高活性氧化铝对废水中磷的去除效果,以硫酸铝为改性剂,采用浸渍法对其进行改性;测定了改性前后活性氧化铝的比表面积及孔容孔径;考察了吸附时间、pH、废水初始浓度、改性剂投加量等因素对去除废水中磷的影响;探讨了改性活性氧化铝对磷的吸附机理.结果表明,改性后活性氧化铝的比表面积为398.364 m2/g,提高了14.22%...     

Residual levels and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in freshwater fishes from Lake Small Bai-Yang-Dian, Northern China

The residual levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the liver, brain, gill and muscle tissues of four common edible freshwater fish species including crucian carp, snakehead fish, grass carp and silver carp collected from Lake Small Bai-Yang-Dian in northern China were measured by GC-MS. The distribution and composition pattern of PAHs in the fish tissues, and the effects of lipid contents in fish tissues and the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of PAHs congeners on them were analyzed. The human health risk of PAHs though fish consumptions was estimated. The following results were obtained: (1) The average residual levels of total PAHs (PAH₁₆) on wet weight base in the different tissues of each fish species ranged from 4.764 to 144.254 ng/g ww. The differences in the average residual levels on wet weight base for PAH₁₆ within four fish species were not statistically significant (P > 0.05); however, these within four fish tissues were statistically significant (P < 0.01). (2) There were very similar distribution patterns of PAH congeners among both the fish tissues and the fish species, as indicated by statistically significant positive interrelationships (R = 0.58-0.97, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs predominated the distribution in the fish tissues, accounting for 89.97% of total PAHs. Phe was the most dominant component, according for 37.79% of total PAHs, followed by Ant (18.59%), Flo (12.59%), Nap (10.79%), Fla (9.82%) and Pyr (6.43%). (3) The PAHs residues and distribution in the fish tissues are dependent on both the Kow of PAH congeners and the lipid contents in the fish tissues. There was a significant positive relationship (R = 0.7116, P < 0.0001) between lipid contents and PAHs residual levels. The statistically significant negative relationships (P < 0.05) were found between LogKow and log-transformed PAHs contents on wet weight base for all fish tissues except for the muscle tissue of snakehead fish, the brain and liver tissues of crucian carp. (4) The risk levels of total PAHs were lower than 10⁻⁵ for the muscle tissues of four studied fish species and for the brain tissues of grass carp and snakehead fish; while these were higher than 10⁻⁵ for the brain tissues of crucian carp and silver carp. The risk levels of total PAHs in the liver tissues of four studied fish species except for snakehead fish exceeded 10⁻⁵ for 2-4.5 times. However, the potency equivalent concentration (PEC) of total PAHs in four studied fish tissues were still lower than the maximum permissible BaP limits for crops and baked meat and for plants in the national criterions. The distributions of PAH congeners in fish were well simulated by a level III fugacity model, especially for low molecule weight PAHs.     

铝合金阳极氧化膜防护性能及失效规律研究

目的研究不同腐蚀环境条件下铝合金阳极氧化膜层的防护作用及失效规律。方法采用中性盐雾、酸性盐雾试验方法进行加速试验,对无划线试样腐蚀外观和附着力以及有划线试样的腐蚀形貌等进行检测和考核分析。结果获得了4种铝合金材料阳极氧化膜层在不同试验环境条件下的防护性能、腐蚀失效、附着力变化以及抗腐蚀扩展性能等试验数据。结论铝合金材料类型对未封闭处理的阳极氧化膜的耐腐蚀扩展性能影响明显。封闭处理能够提高铝合金阳极氧化膜的综合防护性能。