AN ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT PHOSPHORUS INACTWATION,KEZAR LAKE,NEW HAMPSHIRE1

ABSTRACT: Aluminum sulfate and sodium aluminate were utilized as sediment phosphorus inactivants to improve the water quality of a northeastern eutrophic lake. A four-year monitoring program has provided an extensive lake-database utilized to evaluate the short-and long-term effectiveness of sediment phosphorus inactivation as a lake restoration technique. An immediate impact of treatment was marked by a reduction in hypolimnetic BOD and dissolved oxygen deficit, lower chlorophyll-a and phosphorus concentrations, improved transparency, and the elimination of obnoxious blue-green phyto-plankton blooms. For two to three years after treatment, these pa-rameters continued to exhibit both less variability and improved values over the pre-treatment conditions. The improved water quality conditions warranted an upgrade of the lake trophic status from eutrophic to mesotrophic. Four years after the treatment, the mean hypolimnetic total phosphoru.s and chlorophyll-a have increased and transparency has decreased from initial post-treatment levels. Although long-term trends show water quality decreasing since the treatment, the water quality has stabilized at a level suitable for recreation. A major benefit is an increase in the average attendance at the lake by almost 2,000 people per summer.     

Recreational benefits of residual open space: A case study of four communities in northeastern New Jersey

Numerous undeveloped and ecologically diverse tracts of land within urban communities in the United States are presently being utilized for a variety of unsupervised recreational activities. The present use and perceived value of residual open spaces adjacent to the Palisades to residents of four communities in northeastern New Jersey was assessed. The results of our survey suggest that parks and open space represent a city service that is not as highly valued as other more visible services, that respondents desire a diversity of recreational experiences, that existing parks and open space provide a narrow range of recreational benefits to users, that benefits of existing parks extend primarily to the provision of active pursuits, and that undeveloped residual open spaces are valued for and provide opportunities for a variety of passive pursuits.Residual open spaces are a resource that contributes towards meeting the aesthetic and recreational needs of city residents. Failure by planners and decision-makers to recognize the value and utility of such tracts of land may result in their destruction and in the loss of a resource which provides a range of recreational opportunities that is not adequately provided by formal parks and open spaces.Paper of the Journal Series, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.This work was performed as a part of NJAES Project No. 17501, Urban Forestry: Planning and Management of Residual Open Space, supported by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and by a grant from the Consortium for Environmental Forestry Studies sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Station.     

利用矾泥制备铵明矾

采用酸熔法分离矾泥中的铝与硅，不仅克服了碱浸工艺脱硅的复杂过程和铝回收率低的不足，而且解决了酸浸工艺中产品纯度低和设备材质要求高等问题，通过试验确定了酸熔最佳工艺条件为：温度200℃，时间30min，酸铝比1.18，活性铝的回收率为96.69%，铵明矾的纯度在99.5%以上。     

铝行业职业安全卫生管理信息系统的研究

在分析了铝行业生产特点的基础上，提出建立铝行业安全卫生管理信息系统，论述了职业安全卫生管理信息系统包括的内容。通过建立职业安全卫生管理信息系统，使安全管理工作走向科学化、系统化和信息化，对其它行业具有一定的指导意义。     

炼油污水处理场剩余污泥中温厌氧消化研究

对锦州石化公司炼油污水处理场的剩余污泥进行中温厌氧消化小试,考察厌氧消化工艺的可行性。研究结果表明,经过厌氧消化处理后,COD、有机成分去除率均达到80%左右,同时降低了污泥的含水率,减少了污泥脱水的药剂用量,提高了污泥的脱水性能,可实现剩余污泥的稳定化和减量化。     

渭河西安市段铝污染状况及其来源分析

以渭河西安段为重点,对地表水环境中铝污染的状况进行考察.结果表明,渭河西安段及周边水域中铝浓度范围为0.20~0.66 mg·L-1,高于美国、加拿大的水质量标准,已足以对人体健康形成危害.渭河流经西安市后,尽管流量由36.4 m3·s-1升高到81.7 m3·s-1,但铝浓度仍由0.29 mg·L-1升高到0.43 mg·L-1,铝总量增加了2.4倍.2008年5月份由西安市进入渭河的铝总量达66 t,其中有1/5来自皂河.废水处理过程采用的絮凝剂是造成河流中铝浓度升高的重要原因,其中相当一部分来自造纸厂.随着2008年8月开始实施更加严格的造纸工业水污染物排放标准,投加混凝剂成为重要的水处理手段,所有被调查企业均使用含铝盐的絮凝剂,这是地表水环境中铝浓度上升的主要原因.     

5083铝合金在模拟淡海水中的电化学行为研究

采用循环极化、动电位极化研究了不同盐度的海水对5083铝合金腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,自腐蚀电位随着浸泡时间的延长开始迅速负移,60 d后趋于稳定;循环极化显示击破电位随盐度的增加逐渐降低,保护电位随盐度的增加先减小后增大,在盐度为1.5%(质量分数)处达到最小值;腐蚀形貌显示5083铝合金在盐度为1.5%(质量分数)的海水中点蚀最严重;不同盐度下5083铝合金的阴极保护电位区间约在-0.90～-1.05 V之间。     

基于分形理论的6A02铝合金腐蚀损伤评估

铝合金在环境中会被腐蚀,对其使用寿命造成影响。基于数字处理技术,利用分形理论对腐蚀试件表面图像进行处理,得到了腐蚀试件表面孔蚀率。涉及的方法具有一定的操作性和工程价值。     

航空铝合金材料微动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命研究

以断裂力学为基础,根据复合型裂纹断裂判据建立了LY12CZ铝合金材料微动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测模型,确定了模型中的参数,通过预测寿命与试验值的对比验证了该模型的正确、有效性。研究结果表明,微动疲劳裂纹形成阶段比较快,其寿命只占整个疲劳寿命的20%～25%,结构失效所消耗的时间主要在裂纹扩展阶段。     

输电导线的腐蚀动力学规律研究

基于宁波地区加速腐蚀试验环境谱,对输电导线铝单丝进行加速腐蚀试验,统计分析了腐蚀质量损失和腐蚀深度,得到了宁波地区输电导线的腐蚀动力学规律。试验结果表明,年腐蚀质量损失速率在第3年达到最大,而年腐蚀深度速率在第5年达到最大,说明第3年后铝丝的腐蚀主要向深度方向发展。