矿井多功能报警仪智能充装MIS系统的开发与应用

为了减少因报警仪管理不善而引发的矿井安全事故,强化对报警仪充装设备的智能化管理,尽可能地消除传统C/S管理模式存在的固有安全隐患,提出了.NET结构在生产矿井多功能报警仪智能充装管理信息系统中的具体应用模式,开发了基于B/S多层结构的报警仪智能充装MIS系统。该系统以SQL Server 2008作为数据库服务器,采用ADO.NET进行数据库访问,经在山东新河矿业公司投入使用,具有系统运行稳定、快捷等特点,从而实现了报警仪的智能化、网络化管理。该研究对矿山的安全管理具有重要的意义。     

共价三嗪骨架活化过一硫酸盐降解磺胺甲恶唑

通过微波合成技术制备磁性共价三嗪骨架材料（MCTF）.利用SEM、TEM和FTIR对其形貌特征和表面基团进行表征分析;测定分析其微观介孔结构与饱和磁化强度;并将合成的MCTF用于活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）降解磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）.研究了MCTF/PMS体系降解SMX的主要影响因素,包括MCTF投加量、PMS浓度、pH值、无机离子.研究表明：在MCTF投加量0.3g/L,PMS浓度1.50mmol/L,SMX初始浓度0.05mmol/L的室温条件下,30min内SMX的降解率可达100%.随pH值升高,SMX的降解率随之降低.SO₄^2-与HCO₃^-对SMX的降解具有抑制作用,Cl^-则具有双重作用.循环试验证明MCTF具有良好的重复利用性能.MCTF/PMS体系中降解SMX的活性物质为硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·）和羟基自由基（·OH）,并主要在催化剂表面生成反应;通过UHPLC-MS/MS对SMX的降解途径与产物进行推测分析.     

社会脆弱性研究综述

在梳理社会脆弱性概念和分析框架的基础上,从气候变化、自然灾害、城市化、旅游发展、健康、环境污染及公共安全等扰动视角出发,对其影响下的社会脆弱性研究内容进行梳理总结,并提出未来社会脆弱性研究的关键问题.社会脆弱性研究的关注度不断上升,但社会脆弱性的概念和分析框架尚无统一定论;研究内容多关注气候变化和自然灾害等自然因素扰动...     

Reinforcing nature-based solutions through tools providing social-ecological-technological integration

While held to be a means for climate change adaptation and mitigation, nature-based solutions (NbS) themselves are vulnerable to climate change. To find ways of compensating for this vulnerability we combine a focused literature review on how information technology has been used to strengthen positive social–ecological–technological feedback, with the development of a prototype decision-support tool. Guided by the literature review, the tool integrates recent advances in using globally available remote sensing data to elicit information on functional diversity and ecosystem service provisioning with information on human service demand and population vulnerability. When combined, these variables can inform climate change adaptation strategies grounded in local social–ecological realities. This type of integrated monitoring and packaging information to be actionable have potential to support NbS management and local knowledge building for context-tailored solutions to societal challenges in urban environments.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-022-01801-4.     

流域生态健康评价框架及其评价方法体系研究（一）——框架和指标体系

总结了国内外流域生态健康评价相关研究,从结构完整性、生态功能完善性和面临的生态环境胁迫方面提出流域生态健康的内涵。依据流域生态系统的物理结构、群落组成以及主导生态服务功能的不同,以水域（河流）、岸边带和陆域为评价对象,综合考虑流域自然地理单元与行政区划管理单元的空间叠置关系,确定流域最小评价单元。按水域、岸边带和陆域的生态结构、服务功能和胁迫特征构建流域生态健康评价基本框架,提出流域生态健康评价指标体系。为全面识别人类活动对流域生态系统的影响范围和程度,确定流域生态系统内优先保护对象和管理目标,为流域生态功能分区和流域生态补偿等提供技术支持。     

Government management and overexploitation of groundwater resources: absence of local community initiatives in Ardabil plain-Iran

Although mismanagement of groundwater resources has resulted in their destruction over centuries, climate change is speeding up this process more than ever. On the one hand, urgent action by government bodies is needed to address the challenge. On the other hand, a vast body of literature proves that bottom-up collective action, although requiring a longer time period, is a better solution to manage such resources. This research aims to address this dilemma. The groundwater resource in Ardabil plain in Iran, which has long been managed solely through government intervention, has been chosen as a case study to explore the opportunities and limitations of managing a critically endangered area from a common pool resource perspective. Our study suggests that managing Ardabil groundwater resources should be conducted on two scales. The bottom-up institutional agreements should take place at village scale while the government should stay in charge of the overall organization at plain scale.     

Overcoming the blame game to learn from major accidents: A systemic analysis of an Anhydrous Ammonia leakage accident

This article aims to demonstrate the need for changing the methods with which accidents are analyzed, if we truly wish to use what we uncover from them to learn and enrich our knowledge base of organizational management. The goal is to relinquish the broadly adopted and rather simplistic paradigm that accepts the search for human error and unsafe acts performed by workers, and produces “guilt diagnostics”. Instead, we use a systemic accident analysis methodology, based on the sociotechnical principle of understanding the real operating conditions in which accidents take place. In order to demonstrate the benefits of the theoretical framework, we compare the analyses of an Anhydrous Ammonia gas leakage accident in a fish processing plant using the traditional accident analysis model based on unsafe acts and the proposed systemic approach. The results favor the latter since it tends to be more reliable and offering useful recommendations to safety management processes, thus helping to prevent accidents, especially in complex systems.     

Fluorescence detection of phosphate in an aqueous environment by an aluminum-based metal-organic framework with amido functionalized ligands

● A novel Al-MOF was successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. ● Al-MOF showed superior performance for phosphate detection. ● High selectivity and anti-interference for detection were demonstrated. ● The high coordination between Al-O and PO₄³⁻ was the key in fluorescence sensing. The on-site monitoring of phosphate is important for environmental management. Conventional phosphate detection methods are not appropriate to on-site monitoring owing to the use of complicated detection procedures, and the consequent high cost and maintenance requirements of the detection apparatus. Here, a highly sensitive fluorescence-based method for phosphate detection with a wide detection range was developed based on a luminescent aluminum-based metal-organic framework (Al-MOF). The Al-MOF was prepared by introducing amine functional groups to conventional MIL to enhance phosphate binding, and exhibited excellent fluorescence properties that originated from the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The detection limit was as low as 3.25 μmol/L (0.10 mg/L) and the detection range was as wide as 3–350 μmol/L (0.10–10.85 mg/L). Moreover, Al-MOF displayed specific recognition toward phosphate over most anions and metal cations, even for a high concentration of the co-existent ions. The mechanism of phosphate detection was analyzed through the characterization of the combination of Al-MOF and phosphate, and the results indicated the high affinity between Al-O and phosphate inhibited that the LMCT process and recovered the intrinsic fluorescence of NH₂-H₂BDC. The recovery of the developed detection method reached a satisfactory range of 85.1%–111.0%, and the feasibility of on-site phosphate detection was verified using a prototype sensor for tap water and lake water samples. It was demonstrated that the prepared Al-MOF is highly promising for on-site detection of phosphate in an aqueous environment.     

新时代国土空间功能的科学认知与研究框架

中国正面临着城乡土地结构失衡、国土空间开发失序、地域主体功能失调等诸多问题,这给新时代国土空间开发、保护与治理带来巨大压力和挑战。国土空间功能作为架构国土空间规划理论体系与实践框架的重要内容,也是考察人与自然和谐共生的重要刻度。基于当前重大战略决策的理论与现实诉求,指出地域功能是衍生国土空间功能概念的逻辑起点,人地关系地域系统理论是构建国土空间功能理论体系的内核,而空间整合是国土空间功能理论体系演进的重要向度;从战略决策、主体功能、底线管控、用途管制、分区管治、空间协同等六个方面构建了国土空间功能理论认知模型（雪花模型）,辨析了新时代国土空间功能研究的科学价值;对新时代国土空间功能研究的学理认知、分类识别、演化机制、动态权衡等基本问题域进行讨论,初步构建了国土空间功能的研究框架。     

科层制度视角下旅游地水资源治理的演变研究——以哈尼梯田为例

旅游业的可持续依赖于各项环境资源的投入及其科学有效的治理,而旅游地公共池塘资源治理问题仍有待深入。水资源作为一类典型的公共池塘资源,是目的地可持续发展的关键。以哈尼梯田核心区为案例,以水权科层概念模型为分析框架,通过半结构访谈、参与式观察等质性研究方法,探讨大众旅游发展前后目的地水权结构的演变历程。研究发现：（1）政体变动和大众旅游业的发展是促成目的地水权结构演变的主要动力,从赋权体系和分配方式两方面影响用户的水资源利用实践;（2）旅游情境下,目的地用户主体的异质性增强,水资源稀缺性提高,商品化趋势明显;（3）科层结构下,集体层级的决策实体作为连接国家层级决策实体和用户层级的中间层,只有充分发挥其监督管理的治理职能才能促进资源的公平利用与可持续发展。现阶段案例地水资源治理以市场力量为主导,而政府管理存在一定缺位,面临可持续发展的挑战。