社会资本测量研究综述

高水平的社会资本是生态、社会与经济职责和谐过程的先决条件,社会资本在可持续发展领域的作用已引起了全社会的广泛关注。社会资本测量作为理解其作用机制的前提与基础,一直是学术界关注的焦点。然而,在实践中,由于缺乏统一的测量工具,对于社会资本结构性成分系统解耦、社会资本在地区间比较、社会资本精确理解等都存在困难。本文从确定社会资本的基本维度出发,分析了社会资本测量中存在的问题,发现当前主要从社会资本的网络、信任及规范三个基本成分、个体与集体两个分析层次出发寻求替代指标对社会资本进行测量,存在测量工具缺乏系统性、替代指标缺乏普适性、分析尺度转换缺乏有效性、社会资本成分与其影响结果的测量混淆等问题。为了更好地理解社会资本及其作用机制,本文提出应从确认社会资本的主要维度开始,建立系统的测量框架、采用多样化的研究方法、选择功能等同的测量工具等入手进行社会资本测量。     

Towards global phosphorus security: a systems framework for phosphorus recovery and reuse options

Human intervention in the global phosphorus cycle has mobilised nearly half a billion tonnes of the element from phosphate rock into the hydrosphere over the past half century. The resultant water pollution concerns have been the main driver for sustainable phosphorus use (including phosphorus recovery). However the emerging global challenge of phosphorus scarcity with serious implications for future food security, means phosphorus will also need to be recovered for productive reuse as a fertilizer in food production to replace increasingly scarce and more expensive phosphate rock. Through an integrated and systems framework, this paper examines the full spectrum of sustainable phosphorus recovery and reuse options (from small-scale low-cost to large-scale high-tech), facilitates integrated decision-making and identifies future opportunities and challenges for achieving global phosphorus security. Case studies are provided rather than focusing on a specific technology or process. There is no single solution to achieving a phosphorus-secure future: in addition to increasing phosphorus use efficiency, phosphorus will need to be recovered and reused from all current waste streams throughout the food production and consumption system (from human and animal excreta to food and crop wastes). There is a need for new sustainable policies, partnerships and strategic frameworks to develop renewable phosphorus fertilizer systems for farmers. Further research is also required to determine the most sustainable means in a given context for recovering phosphorus from waste streams and converting the final products into effective fertilizers, accounting for life cycle costs, resource and energy consumption, availability, farmer accessibility and pollution.     

基于DPSIR概念模型的农业可持续发展宏观分析

DPSIR概念模型继承了PSR模型的优点，是分析评估环境系统有效工具，本文以DPISR概念模型为指导，系统分析了农业业系统的现状，塑造这一现状的驱动力和压力，探讨了农业对于互不干涉和人类健康的影响，以及实现农业可持续发展的政策响应，目的是建立农业可持续发展的指标体系和实现农业资源的优化配置，本文认为DPSIR概念模型有利于分析复杂系统的因果关系，能有效整合资源开发，环境保护和经济发展。     

试论统计学理论在安全经济分析中的应用

近年来安全经济学作为一个新兴学科得到了较大程度的发展,但是仍处于初创阶段,定量分析技术和方法亟待提高和完善。随着社会经济统计学的发展以及安全经济理论的不断成熟,经济统计学理论在处理安全生产问题中逐渐显示出其优越性。通过分析统计理论在安全经济分析中的作用和意义,提出了安全经济统计分析研究的主要内容和体系,阐述了安全经济统计分析的理论基础,为安全经济统计方法论的构建奠定了基础。     

Optimal renewable resource management in the presence of endogenous risk of invasion

In this paper we examine the optimal management of a renewable resource that is at risk from alien species invasion. The objective of this paper is to derive implications for optimal management of a resource when options exist for both preventing the arrival of an invasive species and mitigating the impact of that arrival. Uncertainty about the timing and nature of an invasion can have important implications for the choice of management strategy, and a key feature of this analysis is an explicit treatment of that uncertainty.     

Are SDGs suitable for China’s sustainable development assessment? An application and amendment of the SDGs Indicators in China

In order to further ensure that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to be implemented and the action measures of all countries are consistent, the United Nations has put forward a set of indicators to monitor and evaluate the progress of global sustainable development. This set of evaluation indicators is aimed for global and regional progress. An important feature of the evaluation indicators is that they are internationally comparable, but due to the large differences in the levels of sustainable development among countries, this framework of evaluation indicators has a disadvantage that it does not apply to tracking the progress of sustainable development at the national level. This paper focuses on the analysis of specific issues in the application of the global sustainable development indicators framework to meet the goals and targets of the UN and builds a system of evaluation indicators to assess the progress of sustainable development at the national level in China, and offers a perspective to assess China’s progress as well.     

金属有机骨架材料Cu3(BTC)2对刚果红的吸附

采用溶剂热法合成了金属有机骨架材料Cu_3(BTC)_2(BTC为均苯三甲酸根),并对其进行了XRD表征。考察了刚果红初始质量浓度、溶液pH及Na~+浓度等工艺参数对Cu_3(BTC)_2吸附刚果红效果的影响,对其吸附热力学和动力学进行了研究。结果表明:刚果红初始质量浓度增大,吸附量增大,脱色率逐渐降低;酸性条件下的吸附性能好于碱性条件;Na~+对吸附具有抑制作用,Na~+的浓度越高,抑制作用越明显;Cu_3(BTC)_2对刚果红的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和准二级动力模型。     

L-精氨酸溶剂化合成金属有机骨架化合物及其吸附CO2的性能

采用L-精氨酸对传统均苯三甲酸（BTC）溶剂热法合成的Cu基金属有机骨架化合物（Cu-BTC）进行改性,得到新型化合物（Cu-BTC-Arg）,并通过固定床动态吸附实验考察了Cu-BTC-Arg和Cu-BTC吸附CO2的性能。表征结果显示：L-精氨酸只是辅助化溶剂,并未配位至Cu2+上;Cu-BTC-Arg比Cu-BTC具有更小的晶粒尺寸、更大的比表面积和微孔体积。实验结果表明,两种不同L-精氨酸加入量合成的Cu-BTC-Arg均在室温、烟气中无水蒸气、烟气流量80 mL/min的条件下CO2吸附量最大,吸附接近饱和时的CO2吸附量均为4.9 mmol/g,远高于Cu-BTC的CO2吸附量。Cu-BTC-Arg对CO2的吸附以物理吸附为主。     

Expert Perceptions of Approaches to Protecting Isolated Wetlands in the Northeastern United States

In this article, we describe how protecting vernal pools was discussed by experts in the northeastern United States (U.S) within the context of a theoretical policy framework. We offer insight about characteristics of feasible vernal pool policy solutions, and identify gaps in our understanding, particularly regarding conditions in states currently lacking specific vernal pool protections. Vernal pools are geographically isolated, intermittent wetlands that provide important habitat for a variety of plants and animals. Many may not be federally protected as a result of judicial decisions over the past two decades, and the rule intended to clarify what qualifies for federal protection is currently being reviewed by the courts. Thus, state or local policy approaches may be alternatives to conserving vernal pools. We interviewed vernal pool experts in the northeastern U.S. regarding approaches to vernal pool protection and analyzed their perceptions through the lens of Kingdon's ( 2011 ) multiple streams policy development framework. The framework denotes 13 characteristics of three processes associated with policy development: problem identification, policy solution development, and the impacts of politics. While analyzed for all 13 components, we found participants most often discussed feasibility of policy formulation and implementation, particularly with regard to protecting vernal pools of high value while also remaining within the bounds of what public opinion supports.     

CO还原脱硝反应锌铜双金属有机骨架催化剂的制备

采用离子交换法制备锌铜双金属有机骨架(Zna/HKUST-1,a=1/24,1/12,1/6,1/3,a为Zn与Cu的摩尔比),用于催化CO还原脱硝反应。采用XRD,SEM,FTIR,H2-TPR,BET等方法对Zna/HKUST-1进行了表征。表征结果表明:Zna/HKUST-1中有明显的Zn—O键和铜基金属有机骨架(HKUST-1)的结构,证明Zn成功进入了HKUST-1中;但随a的不同,Zna/HKUST-1的形貌、大小及比表面积出现了差异。实验结果表明,Zna/HKUST-1(a=1/24)对CO还原脱硝反应的催化活性最高,可在230℃达到NO转化率100%。