Integrated action planning for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of highland aquatic resources: evaluating outcomes for the Beijiang River,China

The need for enhanced environmental planning and management for highland aquatic resources is described and a rationale for integrated action planning is presented. Past action planning initiatives for biodiversity conservation and wetland management are reviewed. A reflective account is given of integrated action planning from five sites in China, India and Vietnam. Eight planning phases are described encompassing: stakeholder assessment and partner selection; rapport building and agreement on collaboration; integrated biodiversity, ecosystem services, livelihoods and policy assessment; problem analysis and target setting; strategic planning; planning and organisation of activities; coordinated implementation and monitoring; evaluation and revised target setting. The scope and targeting of actions are evaluated using the Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses framework and compatibility with biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development objectives are assessed. Criteria to evaluate the quality of planning processes are proposed. Principles for integrated action planning elaborated here should enable stakeholders to formulate plans to reconcile biodiversity conservation with the wise use of wetlands.     

旅游地游客忠诚:一个概念研究框架

回顾了顾客忠诚概念及研究发展历程,在此基础上构建了旅游地游客忠诚研究的概念框架并对其组成部分进行了解释。认为应以动态的、综合的观点研究旅游地游客忠诚,全面考虑影响旅游地游客忠诚的因素,并引入关系视角对旅游地游客忠诚的形成过程进行了研究。     

A Dynamic Bayesian Network-based approach to Resilience Assessment of Engineered Systems

Traditional risk assessment approaches mainly focus on the pre-failure scenarios with certain information. For complex systems, the scope of risk assessment needs to be extended to include the post-failure phase; because the emerging hazards of these systems cannot be wholly identified and are usually highly uncertain. Thus, resilience assessment needs to be investigated. Most of the existing literature quantify resilience based on a system's performance loss caused by disruptions. These studies fail to assess the probability of a system to sustain or restore to a normal operational state after disruptions occur, how this probability changes with time, and how fast the system can be restored. The dynamic and probabilistic characteristics of resilience must be considered in systemic resilience assessment, in which the engineered system, human and organizational factors, and external disruptions are considered. This paper aims to develop a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN)-based approach to the probabilistic assessment of the system resilience by incorporating temporal processes of adaption and recovery into the analysis of system functionality. The proposed method also provides a new way to define resilience in terms of the probability of system functionality change during and after a disruption. A case study on the Chevron refinery accident is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology.     

比较安全学的创立及其框架的构建研究

基于比较科学理论与安全科学学的原理,将比较方法应用于安全科学方法学研究;提出比较安全学的定义,分析其内涵,从安全科学的理论类别、灾害类别、安全管理类别、工程类别与安全学的纵向分支5个方面构建比较安全学的学科分支体系,并阐述了各分支体系研究内容,在此基础上构建了比较安全学学科体系框架;综合与比较安全学相关的文献资料,依据其应用的个案探讨比较学在安全科学中的应用,阐述比较安全学应用与研究的广阔前景。研究表明,多视角的比较安全学构建了诸多新的安全方法学思路和研究方向,为构建安全科学方法学体系提供了基础。     

Biodiversity Offsets: Two New Zealand Case Studies and an Assessment Framework

Biodiversity offsets are increasingly being used for securing biodiversity conservation outcomes as part of sustainable economic development to compensate for the residual unavoidable impacts of projects. Two recent New Zealand examples of biodiversity offsets are reviewed—while both are positive for biodiversity conservation, the process by which they were developed and approved was based more on the precautionary principal than on any formal framework. Based on this review and the broader offset literature, an environmental framework for developing and approving biodiversity offsets, comprising six principles, is outlined: (1) biodiversity offsets should only be used as part of an hierarchy of actions that first seeks to avoid impacts and then minimizes the impacts that do occur; (2) a guarantee is provided that the offset proposed will occur; (3) biodiversity offsets are inappropriate for certain ecosystem (or habitat) types because of their rarity or the presence of threatened species within them; (4) offsets most often involve the creation of new habitat, but can include protection of existing habitat where there is currently no protection; (5) a clear currency is required that allows transparent quantification of values to be lost and gained in order to ensure ecological equivalency between cleared and offset areas; (6) offsets must take into account both the uncertainty involved in obtaining the desired outcome for the offset area and the time-lag that is involved in reaching that point.     

清洁生产技术框架探讨

从系统工程的角度审视了清洁生产技术，建立了一个由实体维，本质维，范畴维构成的普遍化的清洁生产三维技术框架。其中，将实体维划分为原料，工艺过程和产品，将本质维划分为非毒化，非碳化和非物质化，将范畴维划分为装置，企业和区域经济3个层次。作为对清洁生产技术进行多维度分析的尝试，该框架期望能为清洁生产技术的产生提供指导生的框架，并指明清洁生产技术的发展方向。     

环境审计体系多纬度架构与职业化——《领导干部自然资源资产离任审计试点方案》对环境审计的启动

中央两办于2015年11月印发《开展领导干部自然资源资产离任审计试点方案》,标志着环境责任追究试点工作正式展开,并且启动了环境审计帷幕。环境保护和环境管理问题在我国当前经济社会发展中日益凸显,推动着环境审计主题被提出并列入重要议事日程。鉴于环境审计并不是一个历史长久的成熟概念,在世界上尚且没有统一的内涵外延界定,本文基于中国的审计体系现状,提出环境审计多纬度架构模型,并针对政府环境审计机关、企业内部环境审计机构、社会独立环境审计机构这三类环境审计主体,阐释环境审计功效、环境审计职业化,以及职业化中的知识基础、胜任能力、后续教育培训问题,提出加快推进环境审计职业化的实现策略。     

实施战略环境评价(SEA)的基本框架设计及SEA管理模式的实现

根据中国实际状况，提出实施SEA的基本框架及应遵循的基本原则，从内部评价和外部评价两方面设计了相应的SEA管理模式。同时，以上海即将实施规划层次环境影响评价为背景，以ASP技术为手段，开发了一个基于B／S模式的SEA管理信息系统(SEA-MIS)原型。     

大气污染物监测数据不确定度评估方法体系建立及其对PMF源解析的影响分析

目前,正定矩阵因子法(PMF)在大气污染物来源解析中得到了广泛应用,而监测数据不确定度评估是PMF源解析的重要内容之一.当前绝大部分研究采用的数据不确定度仅通过借鉴前人的方法简单计算而得,缺乏对计算方法的合理性和适用性进行评估.本研究通过3种常用的不确定度算法交互应用建立了一套有效评估不确定度的方法体系.通过对香港荃湾站点1998—2008年PM_(10)组分监测数据进行源解析并与平行采样数据源解析结果进行对比,对该方法体系的合理性进行了验证.结果发现,应用该方法体系可以将某些常规方法无法分离的因子进一步分解,得到的源解析结果的残差值甚至小于平行采样方法解析结果的残差值,得到的因子贡献率均处于常规方法得出的因子贡献率之间.这些均表明了该方法体系所得源解析结果的可靠性和全面性.因此,本研究建立的评估不确定度的方法体系具有较强的可行性,对确保源解析结果的准确性有重要意义.     

城市环境安全事故防范与应急信息系统构架及应用——以江苏省常州市为例

针对现有环境安全事故防范与应急技术的不足,本文以江苏省常州市为研究区域,构架常州市环境风险源管理与事故应急处理系统。在风险源资料收集的基础上,结合常州市现有的地理信息系统,建立常州市环境风险源基础信息数据库;整合安全应急处置实时信息系统和常州市环境风险应急系统以及环境风险源基础信息数据库得到常州市环境风险源管理与事故应急处理系统;最后,依托软件开发技术,综合以上系统得到常州市环境风险源评估、安全事故管理与应急处理通用软件平台。