湿式旋流弦切除尘器性能实验研究

旋流弦切除尘器作为一种新型湿式除尘器,具有良好的特性。本文在所建立的实验系统上,按湿式除尘性能测试的相关规范,研究了除尘风速、弦切速度与除尘器效率和压力损失间的关系。实验结果显示:在液气比为定值时(0.05 L/m~3),在实验风速范围内,除尘效率存在极值;压力损失符合流体力学的局部阻力规律,并拟合出了除尘器的局部阻力系数。     

基于地域性的三种污泥干化工艺的经济性比较

随着城市污水排放量的增多和成分的复杂化,污泥处理已成为污水处理厂面临的最大难题。脱水污泥含水率高,不利于后续的处理与再利用。污泥热干化可将污泥含水率降至10%~40%,但该过程耗能大,会大幅增加污泥处理成本,不利于污泥处理技术的推广应用。以拉萨、上海、重庆为例,分别对带式干化、热泵-太阳能干化、热泵-太阳能-蓄热干化3种污泥干化工艺的经济性进行分析,阐明了不同干化方式的适用特点,为相变蓄热技术在污泥干化中的推广应用提供了技术参考。     

蜂窝湿式静电除尘脱除燃煤细颗粒物实验研究

搭建了蜂窝湿式静电除尘实验台,研究了不同清灰方式下湿式静电除尘的放电特性、除尘效率、分级效率.结果发现,喷淋清灰方式对颗粒物脱除效率最高,溢流清灰方式其次.为了避免喷淋产生的水雾对除尘效率的不稳定影响,着重研究了溢流清灰方式下,湿式静电除尘器比收尘面积、运行电压、烟气初始浓度对除尘效率的影响.研究表明,提高比收尘面积和运行电压均可使除尘效率增加,通过观察颗粒物分级脱除效率发现,粒径段在0.5~1μm之间的颗粒物脱除效率较低.当烟气含尘浓度达到较高值(442.85 mg·m~(-3))时,除尘器仍可保持较高的除尘效率.     

苏丹草与紫花苜蓿对新疆原油污染土壤的响应

为了研究修复植物对原油污染土壤的耐受响应,以苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago Sativa)为供试材料,通过盆栽试验,研究了4种原油污染浓度的土壤(0.0,6.0,12.0,34.0 g/kg)对植物株高、生物量、光合速率和原油烃修复率的影响。结果表明:1)除低浓度处理组可显著促进紫花苜蓿的生长外,其余各处理组均对植物生长呈现显著抑制作用;2)各浓度处理组对2种植物生物量均呈现抑制趋势,紫花苜蓿在高浓度处理组,苏丹草在低、中浓度处理组下生物量受到显著抑制;3)苏丹草叶片的光合速率随着原油污染水平的增加呈降低趋势;4)2种植物均可修复原油污染土壤,不同浓度处理组之间修复效率差异显著,刈割处理后可以提高苏丹草原油烃的修复效率。随着原油污染浓度的增加,紫花苜蓿和苏丹草耐受响应不同。     

Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of porous La–N–co-doped TiO2 nanotubes for gaseous chlorobenzene oxidation

The photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous chlorobenzene(CB) by the 365 nm-induced photocatalyst La/N–Ti O2, synthesized via a sol–gel and hydrothermal method, was evaluated. Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to model and optimize the conditions for synthesis of the photocatalyst. The optimal photocatalyst was 1.2La/0.5N–Ti O2(0.5) and the effects of La/N on crystalline structure, particle morphology, surface element content, and other structural characteristics were investigated by XRD(X-ray diffraction), TEM(Transmission Electron Microscopy), FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), UV–vis(Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy), and BET(Brunauer Emmett Teller). Greater surface area and smaller particle size were produced with the co-doped Ti O2 nanotubes than with reference Ti O2. The removal of CB was effective when performed using the synthesized photocatalyst,though it was less efficient at higher initial CB concentrations. Various modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models involving the adsorption of chlorobenzene and water on different active sites were evaluated. Fitting results suggested that competitive adsorption caused by water molecules could not be neglected, especially for environments with high relative humidity. The reaction intermediates found after GC–MS(Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis indicated that most were soluble, low-toxicity, or both. The results demonstrated that the prepared photocatalyst had high activity for VOC(volatile organic compounds) conversion and may be used as a pretreatment prior to biopurification.     

Sorbents with high efficiency for CO2 capture based on amines-supported carbon for biogas upgrading

Sorbents for CO_2 capture have been prepared by wet impregnation of a commercial active carbon(Ketjen-black, Akzo Nobel) with two CO_2-philic compounds, polyethylenimine(PEI)and tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA), respectively. The effects of amine amount(from 10 to70 wt.%), CO_2 concentration in the feed, sorption temperature and gas hourly space velocity on the CO_2 capture performance have been investigated. The sorption capacity has been evaluated using the breakthrough method, with a fixed bed reactor equipped with on line gas chromatograph. The samples have been characterized by N_2 adsorption–desorption,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX). A promising CO_2 sorption capacity of 6.90 mmol/gsorbenthas been obtained with 70 wt.% of supported TEPA at 70℃ under a stream containing 80 vol% of CO_2. Sorption tests, carried out with simulated biogas compositions(CH_4/CO_2mixtures), have revealed an appreciable CO_2 separation selectivity; stable performance was maintained for 20 adsorption–desorption cycles.     

基于SBM-undesirable和Meta-frontier模型的能源效率研究

在考虑东中西区域间技术集合差异的基础上,采用SBM-Undesirable和Meta-frontier函数模型测算区域问能源效率.同时采用共同技术比率定量分析了各省区能源利用的技术差距,并从生产技术和管理两个维度分析能源利用无效率来源.发现中国能源效率整体存在较大改善空间且呈现出东-西-中递减格局.各省区在共同前沿边界下能源效率技术水平均不大于群组前沿边界下的能源效率,且东-西-中三大地区能源效率的无效率来源各有不同,需要因地制宜制定不同提升策略.     

节能环保产业公司融资效率研究——基于四阶段DEA-Malmquist模型

在经典的DEA模型的基础上进行了修正,采用四阶段DEA模型,旨在剔除环境控制变量对效率测度结果的影响.同时,在DEA模型的基础上引入Malmquist指数分析法,以弥补DEA模型无法测度面板数据的缺陷.选取了2012年-2014年A股节能环保上市公司的面板数据,测度了样本的融资效率及三年的融资效率变化情况,结果表明:资源循环利用行业的融资效率最高,其次是环保行业,融资效率最低的是节能行业.样本企业总体的融资效率每年都在增长,但增长速度开始放缓.     

基于DEA-Malmquist指数的山东省生态效率评价研究

以2004牟-2012年面板数据为样本,运用DAE和Malmquist指数模型对山东省17地市生态效率及其变化特征进行测评.结果显示:山东省生态效率呈现波动变化,各地市之间差异明显,有6市达到了效率最优,烟尘、工业固废、工业粉尘和SO2是影响非前沿面城市生态效率提升的重要因素;各地市资源效率与环境效率存在差异,环境效率发展较好的城市数量多于资源效率;技术进步对生态效率的提高起着明显的促进作用;驱动技术创新、优化产业布局,发展循环经济是山东省提升生态效率的有效途径.     

建设绿色“一带一路”的重要性——以乌兹别克斯坦资源环境特点为例

在"一带一路"建设中加强资源环境保护工作,不仅适应全球可持续发展的共识,更是我国发挥绿色引领作用的体现,助力构建共同繁荣区域大合作的关键和保障。文章以乌兹别克斯坦为例,基于对该国的实地调研,分析研究其资源环境特点及管理体制对推进"一带一路"的可能影响,提出了我国在"一带一路"建设过程中加强资源环境保护工作的几点建议。