台湾固体废物回收利用

该文阐述了台湾固体废物的回收利用工作通过立法进行管理固废回收市场运营，通过科技研究为废物综合利用资源化提供了有益借鉴。     

变速循环流化床烟气脱硫实验和机理分析

以循环流化床原理为基础,在变速循环流化床试验台上进行了烟气脱硫小试研究． 烟气流量为５００ｍ³／ｈ 时,气体在脱硫系统中的理论停留时间为３．２ｓ． 用干消化石灰得到的熟石灰粉末作为脱硫剂,在Ｃａ／Ｓ摩尔比为１．１,喷水量为１１ｋｇ／ｈ,保持趋近绝热饱和温度ΔＴ＝ １２℃时,系统脱硫效率可以达到８９％ ． 对影响脱硫效率的主要因素进行了分析,认为喷水量是影响脱硫效率的最关键因素,并对脱硫机理进行了初步探讨．     

文丘里除尘器喉管结构的优化设计

应用文献中计算压降的公式,得出压降随喉管长度变化的关系;应用WilliamLicht效率公式,得出效率及效率、压降比随喉管长度和喉管气速的变化关系。根据这些关系,得出了在给定效率下压降最小时相应的喉管直径和管长的最佳组合。该结果对于优化文丘里除尘器喉管结构设计、降低能耗和运行成本具有重要意义。     

温室气体减排问题中的公平性与效率问题

《联合国气候变化框架公约》的最终目的是减少人为温室气体排放,稳定大气温室气体浓度,避免气候系统受到人为的危险干扰。本文指出,在承担温室气体减排义务时,公平性与时间效率,以及公平性与空间效率都是相互冲突的,并提出了兼顾公平性和效率的方案。     

Emergy analysis of municipal wastewater treatment and generation of electricity by digestion of sewage sludge

This study examines and evaluates, by using emergy analysis, the use of environmental resources for wastewater treatment in a Swedish town. Emergy analysis was applied, while it facilitates the comparison of resource use of substantially different kind. In the emergy analysis, all resources are assessed on the basis of the amount of direct and indirect solar energy required in their generation. The study also includes an evaluation of the amount of emergy associated with the production of wastewater. On the basis of our analysis, we suggest that the large amount of emergy that wastewater contains are in proportion to the amount of resources employed for wastewater treatment and the extensive effects on surrounding ecosystems of discharge of untreated wastewater. The use of local renewable natural resources in Swedish municipal wastewater treatment systems is negligible compared with the use of purchased inputs, processed largely with the support of fossil energy. A drastic shift of this order would demand that extensive land areas surrounding human settlements be (indirectly or directly) devoted to wastewater treatment. These areas are not accessible today. Our analysis also indicates that resource requirements from the economy in the production of electricity by the digestion of sewage sludge is about two times the total resource use for generation of the average mix of electricity used in the town. We, therefore, conclude that if the only reason to digest the sludge were to produce electricity, it would be more resource-efficient to purchase the electricity on the Swedish distribution net. Accordingly, there is no resource economy in producing biomass to digest just to increase the energy production at the wastewater treatment plant.     

Energy wealth and tax reform in Russia and Kazakhstan

Resource-rich states throughout the developing world are prone to rent-seeking, excessive borrowing, wasteful spending, and unbalanced growth as well as states with weak institutions and authoritarian regimes. Are the five energy-rich Soviet successor states necessarily doomed to repeat this experience, often referred to as the “resource curse”? This paper advances and tests the hypothesis that Russia and Kazakhstan are more likely to avoid the “resource curse” than Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan because they privatized their energy sectors. Specifically, we find that privatization offers a potential path out of the “resource curse” when it involves a transfer of ownership to domestic actors. Although Kazakhstan initially appeared to be developing a viable tax regime in response to foreign investors, over the long term Kazakhstan’s tax regime has become increasingly volatile and dependent upon these foreign investors. In contrast, domestic oil companies are helping to foster the development of an increasingly viable tax regime in Russia.     

蒽醌系染料废水的3R处理技术进展与展望

综述了近年来蒽醌系酸性、分散和活性染料及其中间体的减量化合成工艺进展．其中包括1-氨基蒽醌溶剂法α-硝化,溴氨酸和1,4-二羟基蒽醌的新合成方法,CI酸性蓝45,分散蓝73的合成新工艺等。同时综述了含蒽醌系染料及其中间体废水的高效处理工艺即无害化与资源化处理方法。进一步对蒽醌系染料的清洁生产和循环经济进行了技术展望．     

农业水分利用率及其对环境和管理活动的响应

全球变化引起全球温度升高,降水格局发生变化,使淡水资源更加匮乏。农业是占据首位的用水大户。如何节约农用水,提高农业水分利用率(WUE)是节约淡水资源,促进水资源的可持续利用,加快干旱和半干旱地区社会经济发展的关键。农业水分利用效率的概念及其表达式根据不同尺度、应用目的等而不同。提高WUE主要有两种原则:减少地表径流和蒸发,以及提高作物的蒸腾效率。论文描绘了提高农业水分利用率的模式图,提出了今后应着重研究的方向。     

CSTR水力学模型数值求解方法探讨

CSTR模型是河流水质模拟的常用模型之一,其中水力学模型是影响CSTR模型数值稳定性的关键因素,但迄今为止对CSTR水力学模型数值稳定性鲜有充分的讨论. 以赣江朝阳水厂至八一桥北段为例,采用实测数据,分单箱积分和整体积分2种方式,讨论了Runge-Kutta-Felberg方法(RKF)、经典四阶Runge-Kutta方法(RK4)和二级四阶隐式Runge-Kutta方法(RK2)的数值稳定性、模拟精度和时间效率. 结果表明,与国际上目前常用的单箱积分相比,整体积分具有更好的稳定性. 3种Runge-Kutta方法的稳定性排序是RKF相似文献