Optimization of tourism impacts within protected areas by means of genetic algorithms

The search for a balance between nature conservation and tourism development within protected areas is becoming an increasingly multifaceted problem worldwide, as outlined by an increasing number of authors and highlighted at several international events. Since it is unlikely that all management objectives will reach their optimum values simultaneously, an optimization approach is required to meet multiple, conflicting goals and to obtain an overall trade-off in terms of the conceived objectives.     

Gunnison’s prairie dog (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynomys gunnisoni</Emphasis>): testing the resource dispersion hypothesis

Few studies have experimentally tested the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH). In this study, I tested whether space use and social organization of Gunnison’s prairie dog responded to changes in the dispersion and abundance of resources. Food manipulations were carried out during the reproductive and nonreproductive seasons across 2 years. Gunnison’s prairie dog adults responded to the experiments by decreasing territory size as food became patchier in space and time. Both males and females modified their home ranges, with no detectable difference between sexes, either prior to or during the experiments. As food became patchier in space and time, the spatial overlap of adults increased, whereas it decreased as food became more evenly dispersed. The average size of a group, defined as those individuals occupying the same territory, did not change significantly as a result of the experiments. Where changes in the composition and size of groups did occur, there was no indication that such changes were sex specific. Results from this study support critical components of the RDH and strongly suggest that patterns of space use and social structure in Gunnison’s prairie dogs are the result of individual responses to resource abundance and distribution.     

武汉城市圈节能建筑的处理方法及利用

从武汉城市图建筑节能的重要性及武汉市建筑节能的现状入手,指出为达到建筑节能50％的标准,武汉节能建筑处理方法应从建筑设计、建筑施工、节能技术开发应用及建筑节能管理等多方面下功夫．图8,参7．     

菹草石芽萌发及幼苗生长对光、温因子的响应

试验分冬夏2季进行.冬季采用盆栽试验方法,研究了菹草石芽在弱光环境下的萌发和幼苗生长以及弱光对菹草叶片光合效率的影响.冬季试验共设6个光照处理,即:2×104～5×104(对照,晴天中午最大[光]照度)、350～450、160～260、60～80、30～50、0～30 lx,试验时间为67 d.夏季试验在光照培养箱内进行,研究高温条件下石芽萌发的[光]照度阈值.夏季试验设6个光照处理,即:1 400、970、660、450、160、120 lx.结果表明:(1)冬季试验,栽培45 d时菹草石芽全部萌发,光照对石芽萌发无显著影响;夏季水温(32±1) ℃条件下,石芽萌发的[光]照度阈值为120～160 lx,[光]照度达到1 400 lx,石芽就能够达到自然萌发率.(2)菹草幼苗生长前期,5个弱光处理菹草株高生长速率(约1.20 cm·d-1)快于光照较充足的对照(0.92 cm·d-1);幼苗生长后期,对照菹草生长速率(3.15 cm·d-1)快于5个弱光处理菹草生长速率(1.09 cm·d-1),且各处理叶片数并未随株高的增加而增加.(3)冬季试验,菹草石芽萌发后的第39天,对照及各处理菹草幼苗的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(qp)随着[光]照度的减弱而下降,弱光对菹草幼苗光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)产生显著影响;非光化学淬灭系数(qn)随[光]照度的减弱而增加,对菹草幼苗叶片PSⅡ有一定的保护作用.(4)从快速光响应曲线可以看出,长期光照不足导致菹草植株的光响应能力显著降低.     

Field experiment on biological contact oxidation process to treat polluted river water in the Dianchi Lake watershed

In this study two types of biological contact oxidation processes (BCOP), a step-feed (SBCOP) unit and an inter-recycle (IBCOP) unit, were designed to investigate the treatment of heavily polluted river water. The Daqing River, which is the largest pollutant contributor to the Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic freshwater lakes in China, was taken for the case study. It was found that the SBCOP had higher adaptability and better performance in the reduction of COD, TN, and TP, which made it applicable for the treatment of polluted river water entering the Dianchi Lake. Nitrification rate was observed to be greatly affected by the influent temperature. During each season, the nitrification in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP. TN removal efficiency in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP during the winter and spring but poorer during the summer, possibly due to the inhibition of denitrification by higher dissolved oxygen level in the summer. Moreover, symbiotic algaebacteria growth may be conducive to the removal of pollutants.     

MFC 利用植物秸秆产电特性研究

探讨了不同浓度葡萄糖和秸秆水解产物共基质溶液对电能的输出影响,并检测了产电微生物的种类。随着阳极底物质量浓度（50,500,1000,1500,2000,2500 mg／L ）的升高,电池的最大开路电压依次为725,1286,1273,1318,1165,1280 mV。当质量浓度为1500 mg／L时,电池产电性能最高,其最大输出功率密度为363．38 mW／m2,内阻为191．68Ω,COD去除效率为82．8％,库伦效率为18．83％。利用16SrDNA技术分析了微生物燃料电池的菌群结构,结果显示,阳极主要产电微生物为铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。     

地下水化学成分对植物油改性纳米铁还原硝基苯影响

研究了不同地下水化学成分(pH值、Ca2+、Fe2+、Cl-、SO42-)对VOMNI降解硝基苯(NB)的影响.结果表明,经乳化油改性后,纳米铁团聚现象得到改善,分散性提高;VOMNI对硝基苯的还原过程符合一级反应动力学方程,反应速率常数为0.0783min-1;酸性条件下更有利于硝基苯的降解和苯胺的生成;钙硬度对VOMNI还原硝基苯有抑制作用;Fe2+、SO42-、Cl-对硝基苯的降解和苯胺的生成有一定的促进作用.     

Energy performance certification and time on the market

This paper analyzes whether energy performance certificates (EPCs) serve as means to reduce the information asymmetry among market participants during the sale of homes. Using a sample of 876,000 single-family homes in the Netherlands, we examine the impact of EPC adoption on the speed of sale. Our results indicate that energy-rated homes sell faster than non-energy-rated homes, an effect that varies by 7–12 percent depending on model specifications and increases when positive (green) ratings are granted. The information conveyed by these certificates reduces the information asymmetry between buyers and sellers, which helps to reduce the uncertainty of quality.     

锅炉电除尘器效率下降原因及改进对策

在对影响锅炉电除尘器效率的因素进行了较为全面分析的基础上,对电除尘器的各有关环节和除尘机理之间的内在联系进行了深入的分析,讨论了进一步提高电除尘器除尘效率的相关对策和建议。     

影响吹脱塔对垃圾渗滤液氨吹脱效率因素研究

垃圾渗滤液氨氮含量高,用吹脱塔进行氨吹脱时,pH值、水温、气液比对吹脱效率有较大的影响。当pH在9．2～11．5时,吹脱效率随pH值增加而提高;但高于11．5,吹脱效率随pH值增加变化不大。水温越高,吹脱效率越高。气液比在3500m^3／m^3以下时,随着气液比的升高,吹脱效率显著升高,但当气液比上升至3500m^3／m^3以上时,吹脱效率变化较平稳。氨氮浓度的高低对吹脱效率影响不大。