中国煤炭企业安全效率及其影响因素分析

为准确评价中国煤炭企业安全效率,基于数据包络分析(DEA),对2009年中国煤炭企业100强中的30家企业的安全整体效率(TE)、纯技术效率(PTE)和规模效率(SE)进行实证分析;在此基础上,运用Tobit模型探讨影响煤炭企业安全TE的因素。研究结果显示,煤炭企业安全投入、整体科研能力与安全效率成正相关;厂商规模、劳动生产率与安全效率成显著正相关。基于此,从4个方面给出提高煤炭企业安全效率的建议。     

我国地铁运营公共现场安全防范效率研究

城市化进程的加速导致了人口、交通和环境的日益恶化,有限的地上空间资源即使过度开发也不堪重负,使得人们转而求诸于地下空间的利用,地铁因其安全、准时、高效等特点成为解决地上交通矛盾的有效手段,也成为目前地下空间应用的重要领域.地铁自问世以来,其安全问题一直如影随形、备受瞩目,随着建设规模的不断扩大,基于效率的降低成本与基于安全的加大投入之间产生了巨大的矛盾分歧.依托安全经济学和投入产出理论提出安全效率的概念界定及表达框架,并选取地铁楼梯进行案例分析,验证其可行性和可计量性.该量化模型的提出有助于在同时考虑安全与效率时提供决策参考,从而指导项目安全投入的合理配置,提高资金的使用效率.     

几种春季湿地植物对污水中主要污染物去除效果的比较

研究了菖蒲、香蒲、美人蕉和芦苇四种在南京地区春季常见的人工湿地植物对生活污水中主要污染物的处理能力，试验周期为1个月。试验数据表明，在春季，南京地区的菖蒲、香蒲和芦苇长势良好，而美人蕉生长缓慢。与之相对应，菖蒲和香蒲的处理能力较好，其对TN、TP和COD的去除率分别达到了72．46％、90．36％、65．05％和69．82％、91．32％、77．15％；芦苇的处理效果略次于菖蒲和香蒲，其TN、TP和COD的去除率分别为58．84％、74．60％和57．19％，而美人蕉的处理效果较差。通过分析，认为菖蒲和香蒲是春季湿地植物的理想选择，美人蕉不适合作为春季湿地植物使用。     

A resource-based approach to modelling the dynamics of interacting populations

The procedure for modelling the growth of single-species populations [Sakanoue, S., 2007. Extended logistic model for growth of single-species populations. Ecol. Model. 205, 159–168] is improved to be applicable to the study of the dynamics of interacting populations. The improved procedure is based on three assumptions: resource availability changes with population size as a variable, resource supply to populations and population demand for resources are defined as functions of resource availability and population size, and the variables of resource availability and population size shift in the supply function attracted to the demand function. These assumptions are organized into three equations. The equations can generate the dynamics models of plant, herbivore, and detritivore populations, and their own resources. The models can be used to describe prey–predator dynamics. They naturally contain nonlinear terms for the predator’s numerical and functional responses. Depending on the terms, the fluctuations in resource availability and population size stabilize. The three equations can also generate the dynamics models of different populations consuming the same resources. The analysis of zero isoclines of the models shows that a superior population can be simply defined as one with a higher intrinsic rate of natural increase, that a stable coexistence may be realized with the intraspecific interference or the interspecific facilitation of superiors, and that the interspecific interference or the intraspecific facilitation of inferiors may make the coexistence unstable and the inferiors winners depending on their initial population size.     

Optimization of tourism impacts within protected areas by means of genetic algorithms

The search for a balance between nature conservation and tourism development within protected areas is becoming an increasingly multifaceted problem worldwide, as outlined by an increasing number of authors and highlighted at several international events. Since it is unlikely that all management objectives will reach their optimum values simultaneously, an optimization approach is required to meet multiple, conflicting goals and to obtain an overall trade-off in terms of the conceived objectives.     

Gunnison’s prairie dog (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynomys gunnisoni</Emphasis>): testing the resource dispersion hypothesis

Few studies have experimentally tested the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH). In this study, I tested whether space use and social organization of Gunnison’s prairie dog responded to changes in the dispersion and abundance of resources. Food manipulations were carried out during the reproductive and nonreproductive seasons across 2 years. Gunnison’s prairie dog adults responded to the experiments by decreasing territory size as food became patchier in space and time. Both males and females modified their home ranges, with no detectable difference between sexes, either prior to or during the experiments. As food became patchier in space and time, the spatial overlap of adults increased, whereas it decreased as food became more evenly dispersed. The average size of a group, defined as those individuals occupying the same territory, did not change significantly as a result of the experiments. Where changes in the composition and size of groups did occur, there was no indication that such changes were sex specific. Results from this study support critical components of the RDH and strongly suggest that patterns of space use and social structure in Gunnison’s prairie dogs are the result of individual responses to resource abundance and distribution.     

武汉城市圈节能建筑的处理方法及利用

从武汉城市图建筑节能的重要性及武汉市建筑节能的现状入手,指出为达到建筑节能50％的标准,武汉节能建筑处理方法应从建筑设计、建筑施工、节能技术开发应用及建筑节能管理等多方面下功夫．图8,参7．     

菹草石芽萌发及幼苗生长对光、温因子的响应

试验分冬夏2季进行.冬季采用盆栽试验方法,研究了菹草石芽在弱光环境下的萌发和幼苗生长以及弱光对菹草叶片光合效率的影响.冬季试验共设6个光照处理,即:2×104～5×104(对照,晴天中午最大[光]照度)、350～450、160～260、60～80、30～50、0～30 lx,试验时间为67 d.夏季试验在光照培养箱内进行,研究高温条件下石芽萌发的[光]照度阈值.夏季试验设6个光照处理,即:1 400、970、660、450、160、120 lx.结果表明:(1)冬季试验,栽培45 d时菹草石芽全部萌发,光照对石芽萌发无显著影响;夏季水温(32±1) ℃条件下,石芽萌发的[光]照度阈值为120～160 lx,[光]照度达到1 400 lx,石芽就能够达到自然萌发率.(2)菹草幼苗生长前期,5个弱光处理菹草株高生长速率(约1.20 cm·d-1)快于光照较充足的对照(0.92 cm·d-1);幼苗生长后期,对照菹草生长速率(3.15 cm·d-1)快于5个弱光处理菹草生长速率(1.09 cm·d-1),且各处理叶片数并未随株高的增加而增加.(3)冬季试验,菹草石芽萌发后的第39天,对照及各处理菹草幼苗的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(qp)随着[光]照度的减弱而下降,弱光对菹草幼苗光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)产生显著影响;非光化学淬灭系数(qn)随[光]照度的减弱而增加,对菹草幼苗叶片PSⅡ有一定的保护作用.(4)从快速光响应曲线可以看出,长期光照不足导致菹草植株的光响应能力显著降低.     

Field experiment on biological contact oxidation process to treat polluted river water in the Dianchi Lake watershed

In this study two types of biological contact oxidation processes (BCOP), a step-feed (SBCOP) unit and an inter-recycle (IBCOP) unit, were designed to investigate the treatment of heavily polluted river water. The Daqing River, which is the largest pollutant contributor to the Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic freshwater lakes in China, was taken for the case study. It was found that the SBCOP had higher adaptability and better performance in the reduction of COD, TN, and TP, which made it applicable for the treatment of polluted river water entering the Dianchi Lake. Nitrification rate was observed to be greatly affected by the influent temperature. During each season, the nitrification in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP. TN removal efficiency in the SBCOP was higher than that in the IBCOP during the winter and spring but poorer during the summer, possibly due to the inhibition of denitrification by higher dissolved oxygen level in the summer. Moreover, symbiotic algaebacteria growth may be conducive to the removal of pollutants.     

MFC 利用植物秸秆产电特性研究

探讨了不同浓度葡萄糖和秸秆水解产物共基质溶液对电能的输出影响,并检测了产电微生物的种类。随着阳极底物质量浓度（50,500,1000,1500,2000,2500 mg／L ）的升高,电池的最大开路电压依次为725,1286,1273,1318,1165,1280 mV。当质量浓度为1500 mg／L时,电池产电性能最高,其最大输出功率密度为363．38 mW／m2,内阻为191．68Ω,COD去除效率为82．8％,库伦效率为18．83％。利用16SrDNA技术分析了微生物燃料电池的菌群结构,结果显示,阳极主要产电微生物为铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。