湖南木兰科植物资源的调查研究

本文分析了湖南木兰科分布的自然条件,结合其形态性状讨论了它们的分类学问题、地理分布特点、资源状况以及自然生长状况。文末提出了湖南省木兰科的保护植物名单。     

超高浓度萘系磺酸染料中间体废液资源化

本文介绍了胺盐萃取回收率液中萘磺酸染料中间体的方法，回收率达９５％以上，回收浓缩液工艺套用，１０ｔ／ｄ废液量的资源化年净效益达５８０万元，投资费用两个月即可全部收回，采用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温方程描述体系中萃取剂用量，待萃物含量和萃取率的关系，使工艺参数的确立和工程设计完全处理指导之下。     

大红色基G生产中的废酸资源回收

大红色基Ｇ生产中产生的废硫酸内含硫酸达５０％，ＣＯＤ７０ｇ／Ｌ，难用常规的方法来处理。本文给出了用该废酸生产硫酸锌进而生产立德粉的方法，并用ＣＯＤ浓度作为硫酸锌质量的控制指标，氧化锌和了废硫酸后，有机会物从溶液中析了，ＣＯＤ的去除率达９９％。残存的有机物用活性炭吸附法除去。控制ＺｎＳＯ４溶液中ＣＯＤ≤６０ｍｇ／Ｌ，可制得合格的Ｂ３０１立德粉。有杉本法使硫酸资源全部回收并且无废水排放。     

Environmental and genetic influences on mating strategies along a replicated food availability gradient in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)

Food availability is expected to influence the relative cost of different mating tactics, but little attention has been paid to this potential source of adaptive geographic variation in behavior. Associations between the frequency of different mating tactics and resource availability could arise because tactic use responds directly to food intake (phenotypic plasticity), because populations exposed to different average levels of food availability have diverged genetically in tactic use, or both. Different populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in Trinidad experience different average levels of food availability. We combined field observations with laboratory “common garden” and diet experiments to examine how this environmental gradient has influenced the evolution of male mating tactics. Three independent components of variation in male behavior were found in the field: courtship versus foraging, dominance interactions, and interference competition versus searching for mates. Compared with low-food-availability sites, males at high-food-availability sites devoted more effort to interference competition. This difference disappeared in the common garden experiment, which suggests that it was caused by phenotypic plasticity and not genetic divergence. In the diet experiment, interference competition was more frequent and intense among males raised on the greater of two food levels, but this was only true for fish descended from sites with low food availability. Thus, the association between interference competition and food availability in the field can be attributed to a genetically variable norm of reaction. Genetically variable norms of reaction with respect to food intake were found for the other two behavioral components as well and are discussed in relation to the patterns observed in the field. Our results indicate that food availability gradients are an important, albeit complex, source of geographic variation in male mating strategies.     

Evolving patterns of agricultural frontier expansion in Mexico’s Chihuahuan Desert: a political ecology approach

ABSTRACT

This study sought to understand why and how the area of irrigated agriculture in Janos County, in northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico, has tripled since 1987. Expansion of agricultural frontiers has often been attributed to state policies and programs or von Thünian land-rent dynamics. Here, a political ecology approach relying on qualitative interviews with landowners was used to understand the drivers and patterns of conversion from native rangeland to crops. Results show that socioeconomic patterns of agricultural frontier expansion evolved over time, with different drivers at different phases. State policies, especially the land reform, were initially important for settling the agriculture frontier in small farms. Subsequently, economic differentiation, intensification, and growth of existing farms drove expansion. Since 2010, expansion has been driven by investment-oriented land purchases by absentee owners and larger-than-family farms. The Janos case details what may be common but underappreciated temporal dynamics at agricultural frontiers.     

常张高速公路岩石边坡仿原生态植被恢复技术的应用研究

介绍了常张高速公路岩石边坡仿原生态植被恢复技术的施工工艺、新型的生态防护技术与传统的边坡防护相比较,具有投资省、见效快,且能稳定表层边坡,综合造价仅为客土喷播植草的50%～60%,能在短期内使边坡整体环境景观效果与周边协调一致,尤其适宜于对客土喷播植草难以成活的极陡边坡(坡率大于1∶0.75)的生态防护,探索出了一条适合我省实际情况的且成本低、效果好的新的生态防护模式.仿原生态植被恢复技术是常张高速公路生态防护措施的典型代表,对今后我省山区高速公路生态防护建设具有一定的指导意义.     

石化废水深度处理回用工艺设计

化工废水中含有机物、烃类、石油类、重金属等有毒有害物质,成分复杂,难于生物降解,并且对微生物代谢产生抑制和毒害作用.文章通过研究石化废水二级生化处理后回用的工艺技术,提出以絮凝、氧化、膜分离等组合工艺为主体的石化废水深度处理流程,并对设计参数、工艺调试进行优化分析,为石化废水处理回用开辟途径.     

铝镁粉加工过程中的清洁生产项目——超细粉回收利用

通过对铝镁粉加工过程中进行的清洁生产审核,实施了超细粉尘回收利用这一典型的清洁生产项目,良好而有效地控制和预防了污染物的产生,实现了环境效益与经济效益有机结合,并取得了很好的效果。     

超声清洗MBR生物膜--臭氧化技术在中水回用中的应用

超声清洗MBR生物膜-臭氧化技术,是在传统的二级生化污水处理技术的基础上,采用膜生物技术、臭氧化工艺和现代超声波清洗膜元件技术,进行生活污水回用处理的新兴技术.膜生物(MBR)技术具有出水水质好,一次性投资低,占地面积小,运行费用低等优点;利用现代超声波技术清洗膜元件,既可以彻底清除粘附在膜内、外壁上的污染物,又可以避免化学清洗对膜造成的危害,及清洗剂对环境的污染;采用臭氧化工艺,利用臭氧的强氧化性,可以彻底消除细菌、臭味、色度等可能对回用人群造成的危害,使处理后的水成为真正安全的回用水.     

炼化装置大型机组润滑油站油雾回收系统改造

针对炼化装置机组润滑油站油雾无法回收、现场卫生差及VOCs排放超标等问题,通过对几种油雾治理方式的分析比对发现,将离心式分离法和过滤法相结合可显著降低补油量,改善现场卫生,直接减少非甲烷总烃排放量,同时也为装置创造了一定的经济效益。