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341.
我国的电子垃圾回收利用基本处于失控状态,缺乏监管。回收处理方式:一是作为普通垃圾被填埋;二是对于尚能使用的废弃电子产品拿到旧货市场贩卖,不能使用的则私自拆解,回收提炼贵金属,丢弃不能利用的产品,对环境产生极大危害。因此,应建立和完善电子垃圾回收处理法规体系,回收利用体系,开发电子废物处理利用的新技术,改变无序发展状态。 相似文献
342.
We investigated competition for food among two groups of six clone amagos (salmonids), Oncorhynchusmasoumacrostomus, in a laboratory experiment with different rates of food input. We examined the effect of temporal clumping of food resources
on the inequality of food sharing between competitors. Monopolization of food by dominants was greater at a low input rate
(one food item per 10 s) than at a high input rate (1 food item per 1 s). Aggressive behavior by dominants was more frequent
at the low input rate than at the high input rate; its purpose was presumably to interfere with the feeding behavior of subordinates.
We assessed the relative importance of three foraging factors (the number of approaches to food items, the chance per approach
and the gain per chance) in enhancing inequality in food gain between individuals. Dominants had a disproportionately high
chance per approach and gain per chance at the low input rate, but not at the high input rate. The chance of obtaining a food
item per approach depended on how many competitors approached simultaneously. The gain per chance depended on the competitive
ability of the approaching fish. There was an interaction between these components, such that the number of approaches affected
the chance per approach and gain per chance. We evaluated the independent effect of the chance per approach, and showed that
it was higher for dominants than for subordinates at the low input rate, but not at the high input rate. This implies that
subordinates changed their behavior and became more likely to avoid approaching food at the same time as dominants at the
low input rate.
Received: 13 August 1996 / Accepted after revision: 30 November 1996 相似文献
343.
城市垃圾焚烧发电系统热平衡分析与优化方案 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以城市垃圾焚烧过程的热工计算为基础,深入研究了热平衡分析与能量回收之间的关系。针对国内在垃圾焚烧发电领域存在的主要问题,提出了传统工艺的优化方案,并对我国城市垃圾焚烧发电的能量回收利用前景进行了预测分析。 相似文献
344.
345.
W. Ritchie 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1995,1(1):63-76
Oil spill contingency plans are available for most coastlines but the amount of useful environmental data is variable. The
information should be held on a GIS base. High risk areas should be identified and the pre-existing store of environmental
knowledge should be commensurately extensive and should be available in considerable spatial detail. Contingency plans still
depend on basic lists of coastal types as defined by static, sediment based shoreline characteristics. There is a lack of
dynamic, process information. TheBraer oil spill of 1993 provides a case study of the application of sound coastal geomorphological and ecological data to impact
assessment. Monitoring of the ecological effects of this massive oil spill reinforces other research which indicates that
most coastlines can recover naturally from oil spills, and that oil spill clean up techniques may not necessarily benefit
rapid shoreline recovery. Although pre-existing environmental informations is important, the key decisions must be taken quickly
and are frequently judgmental and, therefore, place a premium on gathering appropriate scientific expertise to the site of
the spill as soon as possible and with sufficient powers to affect both the oil spill response, to initiate early surveys
of damage and to facilitate the initial monitoring programme. 相似文献
346.
应用假单胞菌进行防蜡作用的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
假单胞菌L-11菌体与其胞外产物可以作为一种很好的防蜡剂,对L-11的发酵条件进行了优化,确定了最适发酵培养基的配方,发酵培养基以葡萄糖、蛋白胨为其最适碳、氮源,防蜡剂生产的发酵条件为:前16h的发酵温度为35℃,后期将温度降至20℃,发酵液的pH=4.5为发酵终点,此时发酵液在内条件下的防蜡率为78%,将上述所得菌液在大庆油田做了防蜡实验,结果表明,注入L-11的油井洗井周期有所延长,实验证明了L-11的发酵液可以作为一种经济、有效的蜡剂。 相似文献
347.
废弃电子电路板经王水溶解后,在盐酸介质中,用自制的黄原酯棉吸附。用6mol/L HCl洗涤杂质后,5%Na2SO3洗脱Au,控制溶液的流速为1mL/min。洗脱液浓缩后,再用20% Na2SO3沉淀得到99.59%Au。 相似文献
348.
Risk-Based Viable Population Monitoring 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abstract: We describe risk-based viable population monitoring, in which the monitoring indicator is a yearly prediction of the probability that, within a given timeframe, the population abundance will decline below a prespecified level. Common abundance-based monitoring strategies usually have low power to detect declines in threatened and endangered species and are largely reactive to declines. Comparisons of the population's estimated risk of decline over time will help determine status in a more defensible manner than current monitoring methods. Monitoring risk is a more proactive approach; critical changes in the population's status are more likely to be demonstrated before a devastating decline than with abundance-based monitoring methods. In this framework, recovery is defined not as a single evaluation of long-term viability but as maintaining low risk of decline for the next several generations. Effects of errors in risk prediction techniques are mitigated through shorter prediction intervals, setting threshold abundances near current abundance, and explicitly incorporating uncertainty in risk estimates. Viable population monitoring also intrinsically adjusts monitoring effort relative to the population's true status and exhibits considerable robustness to model misspecification. We present simulations showing that risk predictions made with a simple exponential growth model can be effective monitoring indicators for population dynamics ranging from random walk to density dependence with stable, decreasing, or increasing equilibrium. In analyses of time-series data for five species, risk-based monitoring warned of future declines and demonstrated secure status more effectively than statistical tests for trend. 相似文献
349.
350.
在分析秦皇岛市废矿物油的产生和排放现状的基础上,指出废矿物油资源化是解决近岸海域油污染的最佳条件,并提出了一些可操作性的废矿物油资源化对策。 相似文献