Assessing and Mitigating the Effects of Windblown Soil on Rare and Common Vegetation

Acting under the auspices of the US Endangered Species Act, we quantified wind erosion and its effects on rare and common plant species on a semi-arid military installation in Hawaii. Our goal was to develop management strategies, based on local data, to aid the conservation of rare and common indigenous plants and their habitats. We collected windblown soil coming off of roads and other disturbed soils to assess likely impacts to plants occurring at certain heights and distances from disturbed surfaces. We then subjected plants in a glasshouse to windblown dust treatments, designed from our field data to simulate erosion events, and evaluated the effect of these treatments on photosynthesis and survival. We also designed several field experiments to examine the in-situ effects of windblown soil and soil substrate on germination, growth rate, and survival of indigenous and nonindigenous plants. We conclude from these experiments that most direct effects of windblown soil to plants can be effectively mitigated by locating roads and training areas at least 40 m from sensitive plant habitats and through vegetation management to maintain at least 11% aerial cover on disturbed surfaces. Effects of soil type on germination, growth, and survival was species-specific, emphasizing the importance of species trials prior to, or during, rehabilitation efforts.     

气态硫闪爆事故原因分析及对策

对处理硫磺回收装置高温掺合阀故障时发生的硫闪爆事故进行了分析,提出了相应的对策.     

硫磺回收装置腐蚀原因及防护措施

针对国内硫磺回收装置实际生产中存在的设备腐蚀问题,根据不同的腐蚀机理进行了腐蚀分类,分析了腐蚀原因并提出了具体的防护措施.     

The Application of Chemical Leasing Business Models in Mexico

- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.02.294 Background, Aim and Scope. To better address the requirements of the changing multilateral order, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Cleaner Production Programme, in 2004, developed the new Sustainable Industrial Resource Management (SIRM) approach. This approach is in accordance with the principles decided at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Unlike the traditional approaches to environmental management, the SIRM concept captures the idea of achieving sustainable industrial development through the implementation of circular material and energy flows in the entire production chain and reduction of the amount of material and energy used with greater efficiency solutions. The SIRM approach seeks to develop new models to encourage a shift from selling products to supplying services, modifying, in this manner, the supplier/user relationship and resulting in a win-win situation for the economy and the environment. Chemical Leasing represents such a new service-oriented business model and is currently being promoted by UNIDO′s Cleaner Production Programme. Main Features. One of the potential approaches to address the problems related to ineffective use and over-consumption of chemicals is the development and implementation of Chemical Leasing business models. These provide concrete solutions to the effective management of chemicals and on the ways negative releases to the environment can be reduced. The Chemical Leasing approach is a strategy that addresses the obligations of the changing international chemicals policy by focusing on a more service-oriented strategy. Mexico is one of the countries that were selected for the implementation of UNIDO's demonstration project to promote Chemical Leasing models in the country. The target sector of this project is the chemical industry, which is expected to shift their traditional business concept towards a more service and value-added approach. This is being achieved through the development of company specific business models that implement the above-indicated Chemical Leasing concept with the support from the Mexican National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC). Results and Conclusions. The implementation of Chemical Leasing in Mexico has proven to be an efficient instrument in enhancing sustainable chemical management and significantly reducing emissions in Mexico. Several companies from the chemical industrial sector implement or agreed to implement chemical leasing business models. Based on the positive findings of the project, several Mexican companies started to negotiate contents of possible Chemical Leasing contracts with suitable business partners. The project further aimed at disseminating information on Chemical Leasing. It successfully attracted globally operating companies in the chemicals sector to explore possibilities to implement Chemical Leasing business models in Mexico. At the international level, the results of the UNIDO project were presented on 20TH September 2005 during a side event of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) Preparation Conference in Vienna. Recommendations and Outlook. To facilitate the promotion and application of Chemical Leasing project at international level, UNIDO is currently developing a number of tools to standardize Chemical Leasing projects. These include, among others, Chemical leasing contract models; Chemical Leasing data base to find partners for chemical leasing; and guidelines to implement Chemical Leasing projects and work programmes.     

应对二氧化碳浓度上升问题的研究:CO_2的捕获、储存与利用

为了缓解日益严重的CO2浓度升高导致的温室效应等环境问题,针对各国CO2过量排放与温室效应逐渐加剧的现状,讨论传统CO2减排方法与CO2的捕获、储存与利用(CCSU)的优缺点和优势互补,论述针对大型CO2排放点的减排措施——CCSU的必要性。对CCSU进行系统的介绍和认识,并对CCSU所包含的各种捕获技术、储存技术以及利用技术的特点进行对比和分析,论述其适用范围、地域和经济因素。结合国外一些现有的应用CO2的先进技术和经验,对CO2的捕获与利用的联用作出分析和展望。尤其是CO2的化工利用具有广阔的研发和发展前景,CO2EOR(CO2提高采收率技术)在技术和经济上具有实际应用意义。为新型环保型能源体系的建设提供参考。     

Mediation support for forest land allocation: The SIRO-MED system

Mediation support systems for facilitating resolution of natural resources conflicts must be able to systematically identify and use a full complement of data and value sets relevant to the spectrum of issues underlying the conflict. A stepwise computer-supported procedure for developing and then blending contrasting issue-sensitive stakeholder plans in map form for forest use is described and demonstrated. The goal is a balanced plan that efficiently satisfies the more important land-use guidelines of each stakeholder reasonably well. This procedure, SIRO-MED, can be applied at any level of detail compatible with available analytical resources and to resources other than forests.     

裂解气脱硫新趋势

在回顾现有裂解气脱硫工艺的基础上，介绍了近年来国内外在该领域的研究和应用中所取得的进展及未来的发展趋势。     

废催化剂中金属的回收

简述了含有铂、钒、镍金属组分的废催化剂来源及金属回收工艺，介绍了萃取法在金属回收中的应用。     

空气涡轮制冷低温粉碎法回收废弃橡胶

利用带回冷循环的空气涡轮制冷系统，在低温条件下，将废旧橡胶进行冷冻、粉碎、制成６０目以上的精细胶粉。此法的冷冻能耗成本仅为国际上通用的液氮法的１／１０，整具工艺过程不产生二次污染，为废旧橡胶的综合利用提供了一条新途径。     

从醇后气中回收淡甲醇

在甲醇分离器后设置淡甲醇回收装置回收醇后收醇后的中甲醇，其回收率达到８７．５％，同时大大降低了排放地沟的稀氨水中的甲醇含量，减轻了稀氨水对环境的污染，有较好的经济效益和环境效益。