从炼厂含油污泥中回收油及残渣无害化治理的研究

通过对某油田石化厂的含油污泥中回收油及其残渣无害化治理问题的研究，确定了用热洗加离心分离实现污油回收及残渣无害化。根据实验室数据，处理此种含油污泥可达到如下结果：油回收率９５％，残渣中油及主要污染物含量基本符合ＧＢ４２８－８４标准，工艺污水符合进入污水场的要求。采用此法，按照２ｔ／ｈ的处理量计算，预计设备投资４５．７万元。     

PROBLEMS OF REESTABLISHING COMMERCIAL RECREATION BUSINESSES IN NEW YORK FOLLOWING HURRICANE AGNES1

ABSTRACT: Forty-two commercial campgrounds and 34 commercial marinas were studied to determine the amount and types of flood-related damages incurred from Hurricane Agnes, and to evaluate the institutional measures available to help management overcome these losses. Economic losses incurred by firms due to inability to operate, and declines in the number of recreationists, were over twice the magnitude of losses suffered via direct physical damages from flooding. The Federal Flood Insurance Program, as presently constituted, is of very little use to firms having structural investments in and over water. Most firms were complimentary of the Small Business Administration's loan programs. It appears that active programs of communication and promotion are needed following restoration of regions involved in natural diasters to reestablish the tourist industry of those regions.     

Integrated rice-fish culture: Coupled production saves resources

Rice is a key component in global food security, as it is the main ingredient in the daily diets of around 3 billion people, especially in Asia. Like all agricultural production, rice cultivation depends on scarce natural resources. This article briefly outlines the utilization of land and water in rice production, and suggests an approach for optimizing use efficiency, namely through the combination of rice and fish culture. The authors argue that the utilization of land and fresh water is optimized through integrated and complementary production of rice and fish — two basic foods items in daily local diets. The article reviews currently available scientific literature on integrated rice‐fish systems. Rice‐fish culture systems are briefly characterized, and respective yield potential and interactions between rice and fish are discussed. Results of socio‐economic surveys regarding the adoption of integrated rice‐fish culture are summarized. The article also reviews literature on the impact of fish culture on rice field ecology as outlined in studies on weed infestation, insect populations, and greenhouse gas emissions. The article concludes that rice‐fish culture can be an option to help rice producing countries keep pace with soaring domestic demand for food, especially fish. Integrated rice and fish culture optimizes the benefits of scarce land and water resources through complementary use, and exploits the synergies between fish and plant.     

The resource curse

Countries that possess rich mineral deposits, it is widely assumed, are fortunate. Such deposits are assets, part of a country's natural capital. Mining is the key that converts dormant mineral wealth into schools, homes, ports, and other forms of capital that directly contribute to economic development. Over the past two decades, however, a more negative view of mining has emerged that questions the positive relationship between mineral extraction and economic development. The impetus for the alternative view came from empirical studies suggesting that countries where mining is important have not grown as rapidly as other countries. More recent studies have explored the possible reasons behind the disappointing performance of many mineral producing countries. While the central point of contention between the conventional and alternative views — namely, whether or not mining usually promotes economic development — remains unresolved, there is widespread agreement that rich mineral deposits provide developing countries with opportunities, which in some instances have been used wisely to promote development, and in other instances have been misused, hurting development. The consensus on this issue is important, for it means that one uniform policy toward all mining in the developing world is not desirable, despite the recent suggestions by some to the contrary. The appropriate public policy question is not should we or should we not promote mining in the developing countries, but rather where should we encourage it and how can we ensure that it contributes as much as possible to economic development and poverty alleviation.     

Electronic waste recycling: A review of U.S. infrastructure and technology options

The useful life of consumer electronic devices is relatively short, and decreasing as a result of rapid changes in equipment features and capabilities. This creates a large waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment, electronic waste (e-waste).Even though there are conventional disposal methods for e-waste, these methods have disadvantages from both the economic and environmental viewpoints. As a result, new e-waste management options need to be considered, for example, recycling. But electronic recycling has a short history, so there is not yet a solid infrastructure in place.In this paper, the first half describes trends in the amount of e-waste, existing recycling programs, and collection methods. The second half describes various methods available to recover materials from e-waste. In particular, various recycling technologies for the glass, plastics, and metals found in e-waste are discussed. For glass, glass-to-glass recycling and glass-to-lead recycling technologies are presented. For plastics, chemical (feedstock) recycling, mechanical recycling, and thermal recycling methods are analyzed. Recovery processes for copper, lead, and precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium are reviewed. These processes are described and compared on the basis of available technologies, resources, and material input–output systems.     

填埋场场地复用技术与展望

城市垃圾卫生填埋场场地复用技术是一种能增大填埋场填埋能力，避免过高的填埋场地费用的新方法。该技术在德国和美国的实践都已取得了成功。为使该技术能在我国得到推广和应用，文中介绍了该技术的实施条件，列举了部分应用实例，分析了该技术的优势及潜在问题，最后对其在我国的应用前景进行了展望。     

我国废电池的回收与处理

本文详细介绍了国内外常见的各种废电池的种类、有害成分，处理方法，分析了目前我国在度电池回收处理过程中所存在的诸多问题，并有针对性的提出建议。     

简单气浮选处理稠油污水

用蒸汽驱油开采稠油,污水不能回注,外排污水中石油类和悬浮物对环境造成污染。为解决这一问题,河南油田在引进设备的基础上,对稠油污水处理系统进行了改进,利用原有设备,增加了用简单气浮选装置处理稠油污水工艺,只需增加一台离心泵。该工艺投资少,运行可靠,效率高,适用性强。但要注意控制微气泡的大小等。     

我国城市垃圾处理及资源化技术现状与展望

本文在分析我国城市垃圾处理及资源化技术现状的基础上,提出我国城市垃圾处理及资源化技术的发展方向及对策。     

从废催化剂中回收钼的新工艺

确定了用新型复合浸取剂从废催化剂中回收钼的最佳工艺条件废催化剂颗粒度１００目焙烧温度７５０℃,焙烧时间１ｈ复合浸取剂中助浸剂质量为５％,浸取固液质量比１：３,浸取温度６０℃,浸取时间６ｈ,在该条件下,钼的浸取率达到９２．７％～９５．５％。