A resource-based approach to modelling the dynamics of interacting populations

The procedure for modelling the growth of single-species populations [Sakanoue, S., 2007. Extended logistic model for growth of single-species populations. Ecol. Model. 205, 159–168] is improved to be applicable to the study of the dynamics of interacting populations. The improved procedure is based on three assumptions: resource availability changes with population size as a variable, resource supply to populations and population demand for resources are defined as functions of resource availability and population size, and the variables of resource availability and population size shift in the supply function attracted to the demand function. These assumptions are organized into three equations. The equations can generate the dynamics models of plant, herbivore, and detritivore populations, and their own resources. The models can be used to describe prey–predator dynamics. They naturally contain nonlinear terms for the predator’s numerical and functional responses. Depending on the terms, the fluctuations in resource availability and population size stabilize. The three equations can also generate the dynamics models of different populations consuming the same resources. The analysis of zero isoclines of the models shows that a superior population can be simply defined as one with a higher intrinsic rate of natural increase, that a stable coexistence may be realized with the intraspecific interference or the interspecific facilitation of superiors, and that the interspecific interference or the intraspecific facilitation of inferiors may make the coexistence unstable and the inferiors winners depending on their initial population size.     

Optimization of tourism impacts within protected areas by means of genetic algorithms

The search for a balance between nature conservation and tourism development within protected areas is becoming an increasingly multifaceted problem worldwide, as outlined by an increasing number of authors and highlighted at several international events. Since it is unlikely that all management objectives will reach their optimum values simultaneously, an optimization approach is required to meet multiple, conflicting goals and to obtain an overall trade-off in terms of the conceived objectives.     

Gunnison’s prairie dog (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynomys gunnisoni</Emphasis>): testing the resource dispersion hypothesis

Few studies have experimentally tested the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH). In this study, I tested whether space use and social organization of Gunnison’s prairie dog responded to changes in the dispersion and abundance of resources. Food manipulations were carried out during the reproductive and nonreproductive seasons across 2 years. Gunnison’s prairie dog adults responded to the experiments by decreasing territory size as food became patchier in space and time. Both males and females modified their home ranges, with no detectable difference between sexes, either prior to or during the experiments. As food became patchier in space and time, the spatial overlap of adults increased, whereas it decreased as food became more evenly dispersed. The average size of a group, defined as those individuals occupying the same territory, did not change significantly as a result of the experiments. Where changes in the composition and size of groups did occur, there was no indication that such changes were sex specific. Results from this study support critical components of the RDH and strongly suggest that patterns of space use and social structure in Gunnison’s prairie dogs are the result of individual responses to resource abundance and distribution.     

MgO改性赤泥复合材料对废水中氮磷的同步回收

为处理高浓度氮磷废水同时实现赤泥资源化利用,通过赤泥负载氧化镁制备高效氮磷回收材料(MgO-RM),用以对废水进行氮磷同步回收.考察了废水初始pH值、废水氮磷比和MgO-RM投加量对氮磷同步回收效果的影响.采用动力学模型和等温吸附模型对回收特性进行了描述,在此基础上利用FTIR、XRD、SEM、BET测试手段对MgO-...     

全自养脱氮颗粒污泥的培养及脱氮性能的恢复与强化

采用交替限氧-厌氧和低充放比(30%)运行模式,在SBR反应器中成功启动全自养脱氮(CANON)工艺,启动过程经历常规硝化主导阶段、短程硝化主导阶段和全自养脱氮阶段,总氮去除速率和总氮去除效率分别达到(312±15)mg/(L·d)和(71.2±4.3)%.培养得到的污泥中颗粒污泥(粒径3300μm)和絮状污泥(粒径<300μm)体积分别占污泥总体积的39%和61%.在自养脱氮性能恶化的SBR反应器进水中长期添加适量N2H4,反应器脱氮性能得以恢复甚至强化,反应器总氮去除速率升高到(480±34)mg/(L·d),颗粒污泥的比例增加到污泥总体积的51%.     

Challenges to mobilising resources for disaster recovery and reconstruction: perspectives of the Haitian diaspora

Diasporas and diaspora non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) are increasingly important as resource lifelines to their home countries, yet the resources that they mobilise, the types of challenges that they face, and their coping mechanisms are not well explored or understood in the context of disaster recovery. To fill this knowledge gap, this study employed an inductive qualitative methodological approach, using interviews to comprehend the role played by Haitian diaspora NGOs after the catastrophic earthquake in 2010. It found that resources take four common forms: event fundraisers; financial and material donations from supporters; remittances; and volunteer labour. Challenges include an overreliance on diaspora donors, competition among NGOs, and what is perceived as inequitable funding practices towards diaspora NGOs. The findings provide insights centred on better coordination among diaspora NGOs, as well as between diaspora NGOs and other local and international NGOs and local governments and international institutions, to ensure more efficient delivery of services to survivors.     

统计学在垃圾焚烧飞灰浸提液重金属检测准确性研究中的应用

为提高复杂基体重金属检测准确性,在使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法检测生活垃圾焚烧飞灰浸提液时,进行标准曲线法、标准加入法和内标法3种定量校准方法比对。3种方法报出结果经过加标回收率换算后的样品原值具有明显一致性,使用统计学方差齐性和单因素方差分析验证了该一致性成立,表明内标法的精密度和准确度与标准曲线法、标准加入法无显著性差别。以3种方法样品原值的算数平均值作为样品最佳估计值评价各方法实际报出结果准确性,标准加入法准确性最好;稀释后的样品内标法加标回收率明显优于标准规定,受稀释倍数影响不大,工作效率高,满足HJ 781—2016质控要求,建议可作为该标准的补充;建议批量样品检测时优先采用内标法。3种方法样品原值一致性的验证,有助于执法、科研中对于复杂基体重金属物质含量的准确判断。     

实施《工伤保险条例》的难点及对策

针对深入贯彻实施《工伤保险条例》的情况,提出了当前存在的难点有：工伤认定政策放宽带来的难点以及工伤保险与预防、康复存在事实上的脱节现象。采取了5个方面的对策：实施教育及激励约束机制,加强工伤认定工作的研究,完善工伤保险中的事故预防机制,以及建立工伤预防基金,强化安全“三基”工作。     

A proposed framework of key activities and processes in the preparedness and recovery phases of disaster management

This paper proposes an empirically grounded framework for examining the preparedness and recovery phases of disaster management activities and processes pertaining to predictable disasters within a developed country. The two‐stage framework provides a single model composed of important preparedness and recovery initiatives, as well as activities and processes derived from empirical data collected for case studies from Australia: the ‘Black Saturday’ bushfires in the state of Victoria in February 2009; and Cyclone Larry in March 2006. The framework enables a variety of analyses, including the generation of insights into disaster management preparedness and recovery in the context of events in wealthy developed countries. The paper combines two empirical examples, a series of bushfires and a severe tropical cyclone, to enhance understanding of, and to contribute to better, disaster preparedness and recovery in the future. The paper contributes to the growing literature on disasters, preparedness, recovery and associated logistics, and other issues.     

废旧线路板中贵金属湿法浸出技术研究进展

废旧线路板(WPCB)的数量逐年增长,妥善处理废旧线路板不仅体现其回收利用价值,并且具有可观的环境效益.湿法处理废旧线路板工艺成熟,具有流程短、效率高的优点.本文综述了废旧线路板中贵金属(主要以金为例)浸出方法的研究状况,并从效率、环境影响、成本等方面对不同方法进行了比较.分析表明,硫脲法和碘化法浸出效率高、环境影响小、成本可控,是较优的浸出方法.合理、有效地处置废旧线路板,减少处置过程中的环境污染并高效回收贵金属,需要考虑不同方面的因素,多种浸出与富集回收方法共同使用,以达到最佳贵金属回收效果.