Experimental Assessment of Coral Reef Rehabilitation Following Blast Fishing

Abstract:  Illegal fishing with explosives has damaged coral reefs throughout Southeast Asia. In addition to killing fish and other organisms, the blasts shatter coral skeletons, leaving fields of broken rubble that shift in the current, abrading or burying new coral recruits, and thereby slowing or preventing reef recovery. Successful restoration and rehabilitation efforts can contribute to coral reef conservation. We used field experiments to assess the effectiveness of different low-cost methods for coral reef rehabilitation in Komodo National Park (KNP), Indonesia. Our experiments were conducted at three different spatial scales. At a scale of 1 × 1 m plots, we tested three different rehabilitation methods: rock piles, cement slabs, and netting pinned to the rubble. Significantly more corals per square meter grew on rocks, followed by cement, netting, and untreated rubble, although many plots were scattered by strong water current or buried by rubble after 2.5 years. To test the benefits of the most successful treatment, rocks, at more realistic scales, we established 10 × 10 m plots of rock piles at each of our nine sites in 2000. Three years after installation, coverage by hard corals on the rocks continued to increase, although rehabilitation in high current areas remained the most difficult. In 2002 rehabilitation efforts in KNP were increased over 6000 m² to test four rock pile designs at each of four rubble field sites. Assuming that there is an adequate larval supply, using rocks for simple, low-budget, large-scale rehabilitation appears to be a viable option for restoring the structural foundation of damaged reefs.     

Modeling joint production of wildlife and timber

Production of marketed commodities and protection of natural systems often conflict. A focus on only one goal can result in large losses in other goals and may result in inefficient and unsustainable outcomes. In this paper, we develop a method that combines economic and ecological models in a dynamic and spatial analysis to evaluate land use decisions and find cost-effective alternatives for which it is not possible to do better on one objective without harming another objective. The method is demonstrated using timber production and species conservation on a forested landscape over a 100-year planning horizon. Current land use strategies are simulated and compared with cost-effective alternatives. The approach is compared to a static reserve approach, similar to previous studies, and found to produce substantially more efficient management strategies for the case study landscape.     

协同-络合萃取法回收含酚废水中的酚类

在现有的各种回收处理高浓度含酚废水的方法中,溶剂萃取法最为有效.但现有常用脱酚萃取剂分别存在着萃取效能低等诸多缺点,萃残液中一般尚存有几十至几百mg·l~(-1)的酚类,本文提出了协同-络合萃取法,并按该法原理研制了HC-1—HC-4四类新型协同-络合萃取剂.其中HC-3和HC-4对苯酚稀溶液的萃取平衡常数分别为K_((?)C-3)=612.4和K_((?)C-4)=483.7,单级萃取可将两组中高浓度的含酚废水中酚浓度降至10mg·l~(-1)以厂,脱酚率>99%.该法为一步脱酚达标提供了可能性.     

Coastal directories and beyond: Providing multidisciplinary coastal zone resource information for resource management

Baseline resource information in an easily accessible form is a vital starting point for developing coastal zone management. On behalf of a wide-ranging group of organizations involved in the management of the U.K. maritime zone, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) is compiling a series of 16 regional volumes. The volumes contain multidisciplinary coastal zone resource information arranged in ten chapters under the general title ‘Coasts and Seas of the UK’. These volumes form part of a series of paper and electronic publications of coastal information being produced by JNCC's Coastal Directories Project and are designed to meet the needs of planners and all others involved in decision-making and management of the coast.     

电选法回收利用废印刷线路板

废印刷线路板含有多种有价值的物质,随意丢弃或处理处置方法不当既污染环境,又造成资源流失。采用剪切式破碎和电力分选技术对废印刷线路板的机械分离进行了研究。结果表明,电选法可以实现废印刷线路板中金属和玻璃纤维、树脂的分离;在实验的粒径范围内(-14+20目到-120+200目分为5个粒径级别),金属主要集中在-20+120目粒级范围内,且该粒级范围分选效果最好。     

Recovery of Soil Macrofauna Communities after Forest Clearance in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil

Abstract:  As primary forest is cleared, pastures and secondary forest occupy an increasing space in the Amazonian landscape. We evaluated the effect of forest clearing on a soil macrofauna (invertebrate) community in a smallholder farming system of southeastern Amazonia. We sampled the soil macrofauna in 22 plots of forest, upland rice fields, pastures, and fallows of different ages. In total, we collected 10,728 invertebrates. In cleared plots the species richness per plot of the soil macrofauna fell from 76 to 30 species per plot immediately after forest clearance, and the composition of the new community was different. Ants, termites, and spiders were most affected by the disturbance. In plots deforested several years before, the effect of forest clearance was highly dependent on the type of land use (pasture or fallow). In fallows, the community was similar to the initial state. The species richness per plot in old fallows rose to 66, and the composition was closer to the primary forests than to the other types of land use. On the contrary, in the pastures the species richness per plot remained low at 47. In fallows, all the groups showed a richness close to that in primary forest, whereas in the forest only the richness of earthworms and Coleoptera recovered. Our results show that forest clearing constitutes a major disturbance for the soil macrofauna and that the recovery potential of the soil macrofauna after 6 or 7 years is much higher in fallows than in pastures. Thus, fallows may play a crucial role in the conservation of soil macrofauna.     

活性炭纤维净化印刷过程产生的VOCs废气

介绍了应用局部排气的方法,收集印刷过程的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)废气,应用活性炭纤维(ACF)吸附脱附有机废气回收净化装置,进行印刷厂VOCs废气的回收与治理,详细描述了印刷车间VOCs废气的收集与处理工艺过程及其效果.测试结果表明,应用此工艺和设备可以有效地进行印刷过程大风量的VOCs废气的回收和治理.     

粉煤灰利用研究进展

本文对粉煤灰综合利用的研究现状进行综述。内容包括粉煤灰用于烧结砖、蒸养砖、墙体材料和水泥生产、隔热防水材料、絮凝剂和肥料制备、土壤改良和废水处理等。此外,还对从粉煤灰中回收金属矿物和炭粒等进行了讨论。     

贵州新元古代冰期(Varanger)后环境演变与藻类的复苏

新元古代冰期引起生物大量绝灭 ,大绝灭后环境如何重建、生物怎样复苏是演化古生物学研究的重要课题。对贵州铜仁坝黄、瓮安北斗山剖面和台江五河剖面南沱冰碛岩之上连续沉积的陡山沱组底部的“碳酸盐岩帽”中藻类化石进行系统研究 ,并结合古海洋环境地球化学研究结果 ,认为冰期后生态环境恢复很快 ,藻类快速复苏 ,但藻类分异度低。“碳酸盐岩帽”沉积结束 ,藻类进入衰退期 ,到了陡山沱中晚期 ,藻类又进入顶盛期。而藻类的复苏、衰退与古海洋环境的δ13C ,δCe,δEu异常有着密切关系     

联碱废水资源化治理工艺的研究

提出预处理→二级蒸馏→吹脱治理联碱废水的新工艺 ,不仅使废水中的氨氮达到排放标准 ,而且能回收氨氮 ,具有一定的经济效益和社会效益。