湿式氧化-磷酸盐固定化组合工艺处理磷霉素制药废水及其资源化

采用湿式氧化-磷酸盐固定化组合工艺处理COD为72750mg·L-1、总有机磷(TOP)为8225 mg·L-1的磷霉素制药废水并对废水中磷进行资源化回收.首先,采用湿式氧化工艺,利用分子氧作为氧化剂,将废水中有机磷转化成无机磷酸盐,分别考察了反应温度、氧分压和废水初始pH值对湿式氧化处理效果的影响,结果显示：在反应温...     

Sustainable recovery of nickel from spent hydrogenation catalyst: economics, emissions and wastes assessment

Economic viability, carbon emission profile and waste management associated with nickel recovery from spent hydrogenation catalysts are studied from sustainability perspectives. The purpose is to determine and compare the economic, environmental and social implications of different nickel reclamation techniques towards clean, safe and sustainable recovery of nickel from spent catalysts. Sustainability evaluation models are formulated to understand and improve the cost, carbon footprint and resource efficiency of a closed-loop nickel recovery process. The economic viability of the process highly depends on market values of recovered nickel and the production batch size. At a selling price higher than $12.60/kg, an operation with a batch size as small as 50 kg/batch would be profitable. The current rising nickel market, at ∼$18-24/kg, favors recovery operations although it also casts a dual effect on production costs. About 73-82% of carbon emission of the process is from the use of energy in the recovery operation. Energy efficiency is therefore identified as the most critical factor to improve the carbon footprint. The closed-loop process also improves resource use efficiency and minimizes toxic waste generation.     

三级串联人工快渗系统处理高氨氮生活污水

以校园学生生活区高氨氮生活污水为研究对象,采用三级串联人工快渗系统研究其对污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明：三级串联人工快渗系统对COD、氨氮去除率较常规人工快渗系统分别提高了6%、3%,出水均满足GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物综合排放标准》一级A标准。总氮去除率提高了20%。C/N较低是影响提高总氮去除...     

Inhibition and recovery of nitrification in treating real coal gasification wastewater with moving bed biofilm reactor

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used to treat real coal gasification wastewater. Nitrification of the MBBR was inhibited almost completely during start-up period. Sudden increase of influent total NH3 concentration was the main factor inducing nitrification inhibition. Increasing DO concentration in the bulk liquid (from 2 to 3 mg/L) had little e ect on nitrification recovery. Nitrification of the MBBR recovered partially by the addition of nitrifying sludge into the reactor and almost ceased within 5 days. Nitrification ratio of the MBBR achieved 65% within 12 days by increasing dilute ratio of the influent wastewater with tap water. The ratio of nitrification decreased to 25% when influent COD concentration increased from 650 to 1000 mg/L after nitrification recovery and recovered 70% for another 4 days.     

基于微生物燃料电池技术的多元生物质生物产电研究进展

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)是一种使用微生物作为催化剂,直接将生物质能转化为电能的装置,为生物质的利用提供了新的途径.底物类型和底物浓度对于MFC的性能至关重要.使用小分子酸、醇或葡萄糖等简单有机物为底物时,MFC功率输出较高.但当底物为结构复杂的有机物时,为了提高MFC功率输出和底物降解效率,可以采用物理、化学手段对其进行预处理、采用天然菌群进行生物预降解或者添加简单有机物进行底物强化.基于多元生物质MFC技术未来将应用于污水中生物质能回收、偏远地区供电和生物传感器等方面.     

印刷车间空气处理方案的节能分析

基于印刷车间工艺特点对温湿度等环境参数的要求,结合空气处理过程焓湿图分析了实现印刷车间温湿度控制的几种空气处理方案在节能方面的优势,并指出了其适用场合的局限性。结合热回收方案对适合印刷车间的空调节能技术进行了论述,旨在优化车间内部生产环境,为实现节能减排以及绿色生产提供理论依据。     

Post‐Ike economic resilience along the Texas coast

The economic devastation resulting from recent natural disasters has spawned intense interest in programmes that promote regional resilience. The economic impacts of Hurricane Ike (September 2008) endured long beyond the storm's landfall, compounded by a national recession. This study analyses the pattern of post‐Ike industrial growth in eight coastal counties of Texas, United States, and identifies sources of resilience and potential drivers of recovery. The results indicate that post‐disaster growth patterns differ from established growth patterns. Levels of resilience vary across industrial sectors, and service sectors tend to lead a recovery. The resilience of the hotel and restaurant sector, for instance, suggests that the presence of relief workers might immunise certain sectors against a post‐disaster economic downturn. Besides the sectors that are generally resilient, each county has its own distinct sectors that, depending on the extent of the damage suffered, tend to perform strongly after a disaster, owing to the characteristics of the respective county's economy.     

Measuring disaster recovery: bouncing back or reaching the counterfactual state?

How should one measure the recovery of a locale from a disaster? The measurement is crucial from a public policy and administration standpoint to determine which places should receive disaster assistance, and it affects the performance evaluation of disaster recovery programmes. This paper compares two approaches to measuring recovery: (i) bouncing back to pre‐disaster conditions; and (ii) attaining the counterfactual state. The former centres on returning to normalcy following disaster‐induced losses, whereas the latter focuses on attaining the state, using quasi‐experimental design, which would have existed if the disaster had not occurred. Both are employed here to assess two housing recovery indicators (total new units and their valuations) in Hurricane Katrina‐affected counties (rural and urban). The examination reveals significantly different outcomes for the two approaches: counties have not returned to their pre‐disaster housing conditions, but they do exhibit counterfactual recovery. Moreover, rural counties may not be as vulnerable as assumed in the disaster recovery literature.     

UMIC厌氧处理结合工艺在养殖废水处理中的应用——以贵港扬翔大岭种猪场为例

针对猪养殖场废水的环境污染问题,以高效、节能与多层次综合为设计目标,本工程运用UMIC上升式多级内循环厌氧反应器为核心处理部件及厌氧氨化脱氮处理方法,对猪场粪污水采用"预处理-UMIC厌氧反应器-厌氧处理"的工艺路线。结果表明,经处理后粪污水中的化学需氧量、生化需氧量、固体悬浮物浓度、氨氮总量、总磷的含量分别为110、18、60、15、0.8mg/L,p H为7~7.5,水质优于《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001);同时产生副产品得到利用,取得了较好的综合效益,对生猪养殖的废水处理产业具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

Paired assistance policy and recovery from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: a network perspective

The role of the paired assistance policy (PAP) in facilitating recovery after the Wenchuan earthquake in China on 12 May 2008 is best analysed from a network perspective. This paper makes five assumptions to explore the relationship, and then draws on three additional cases to examine them. The key findings support all five assumptions. First, the interactions of authority compliance initiated the PAP, and second, the interactions of resource input significantly contributed to rapid reconstruction following the earthquake. Third, the interactions of knowledge transfer supported social system recovery, and fourth, the interactions of benefit reciprocity laid the foundation for sustainable recovery. Fifth, by contrast, the interactions of performance comparison caused suboptimal overfunding of particular public infrastructure projects and reduced local self‐reliance to some extent. Finally, suggestions are made to improve the policy implications of extending the use of the PAP in other administrative contexts. The PAP could become an even more important policy device in the future.