Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products

Food production and consumption cause significant environmental burdens during the product life cycles. As a result of intensive development and the changing social attitudes and behaviors in the last century, the agrofood sector is the highest resource consumer after housing in the EU. This paper is part of an effort to estimate environmental impacts associated with life cycles of the agrofood chain, such as primary energy consumption, water exploitation, and global warming. Life cycle assessment is used to investigate the production of the following citrus-based products in Italy: essential oil, natural juice, and concentrated juice from oranges and lemons. The related process flowcharts, the relevant mass and energy flows, and the key environmental issues are identified for each product. This paper represents one of the first studies on the environmental impacts from cradle to gate for citrus products in order to suggest feasible strategies and actions to improve their environmental performance.

新疆油田盆5气田放空气回收技术应用

新疆油田盆5气田采用分子筛对天然气处理站的放空气进行回收,介绍了分子筛的吸附原理、回收技术原理及工艺流程、净化脱水压力稳定安全措施等。通过优化破乳剂类型及注入量,净化脱水后的放空气满足回收利用要求。此项回收技术的利用,每年可减排废气5209.2×104m3,回收天然气约360×104m3,增加经济效益360万元。     

硫磺回收装置尾气回收系统安全分析

阐述了硫磺回收装置尾气回收系统的概况、工艺原理和工艺流程,对影响安全生产的加氢反应器床层温度、急冷塔堵塞和吸收塔中吸收效果等各种因素,从尾气中SO2的浓度、加氢反应器入口温度、加氢反应器入口H2浓度、加氢反应器出入口O2浓度、胺液H2S的吸收能力、贫胺液质量、贫液温度、胺液浓度及循环量、吸收塔压力等方面进行了安全分析,针对各种影响因素,提出了相应的安全对策措施,以确保系统的安全运行。     

某钢厂转炉煤气回收系统电气安全控制

转炉煤气回收是冶金企业生产中的重要环节,通过转炉煤气回收可以减少能源浪费,是企业节能降耗的重要措施之一。但在转炉煤气回收过程中涉及许多安全控制问题,如果回收的各个环节控制不当,就会发生煤气爆炸、中毒等重大事故。本文对某钢厂转炉煤气回收系统的安全控制进行分析,重点论述煤气回收系统中的电气控制问题。     

三级人工快渗系统脱氮效果及菌种分布分析

为了更有效地去除污水中的氮类污染物,采用三级串联人工快渗系统对高氨氮生活污水进行脱氮性研究,同时进行系统内菌种分布的特征分析,从微观角度对比传统人工快渗和新式三级串联人工快渗系统中微生物分布的区别。结果表明三级串联人工快渗系统对氨氮和总氮(TN)的去除率较常规人工快渗系统分别提高5%和21%。三级串联人工快渗系统内硝化细菌和反硝化细菌总数均大于传统人工快渗系统。反硝化细菌数量的显著提高是总氮(TN)去除提高的主要原因。同时发现三级串联人工快渗系统可以有效地缓解堵塞现象的发生。     

Earthquake recovery of historic buildings: exploring cost and time needs

Disaster recovery of historic buildings has rarely been investigated even though the available literature indicates that they face special challenges. This study examines buildings' recovery time and cost to determine whether their functions (that is, their use) and their status (historic or non-historic) affect these outcomes. The study uses data from the city of San Francisco after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake to examine the recovery of historic buildings owned by public agencies and non-governmental organisations. The results show that recovery cost is affected by damage level, construction type and historic status, whereas recovery time is affected by the same variables and also by building function. The study points to the importance of pre-incident recovery planning, especially for building functions that have shown delayed recovery. Also, the study calls attention to the importance of further investigations into the challenges facing historic building recovery.     

Vulnerability of community businesses to environmental disasters

Business plays important roles in community functioning. ² However, disaster research has been disproportionately focused on units of analysis such as families, households and government agencies. This paper synthesises the major findings within the business development research field and the disaster research field. It constructs a framework for evaluating business vulnerability to natural disasters. Our theoretical integration of the research conducted to date addresses five major issues. First, it defines the ways in which businesses are subject to the impacts of natural disasters. Second, it identifies the factors that determine the magnitude of business impacts after a disaster. Third, it identifies how and when businesses return to their pre-disaster level in the disaster stricken community. Fourth, it describes measures that can be taken by individual firms and community planners to reduce the impacts of environmental disasters. Fifth, it identifies needs for public policy and future research to reduce business vulnerability to environmental disasters.     

权利分析视角下的农户灾后恢复分析——以甘肃省TP村地震灾害为例

以阿马蒂亚.森的权利分析方法作为主要的理论框架,在参考脆弱性分析和社会资产分析的基础上,将外部干预和农户的社会资本加入上述权利分析框架,用以解释农户灾后恢复的差异。研究发现,资源禀赋和交换权利的差异造成了农户灾后恢复的差异:具有较好资源禀赋和交换权利的农户能够迅速跳出短期贫困的陷阱,恢复生计;而资源禀赋和交换权利较差的农户则无法迅速跳出地震灾害所造成的短期贫困陷阱,恢复生计。     

长庆油田伴生气回收及综合利用

根据原油生产过程中伴生气的性质和特点,归纳出目前长庆油田伴生气回收技术及其适应性。通过应用"燃料加热"、"轻烃回收"、"燃气发电"三种方式,达到节能减排的目的。针对长庆油田伴生气回收及利用提出了下一步展望:完善混输工艺,优化集气管网,合理调配气量,从而消除伴生气排放污染,达到环保要求。     

Decentralized Groundwater Recharge Systems Using Roofwater and Stormwater Runoff1

Stephens, Daniel B., Mark Miller, Stephanie J. Moore, Todd Umstot, and Deborah J. Salvato, 2011. Decentralized Groundwater Recharge Systems Using Roofwater and Stormwater Runoff. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 134‐144. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00600.x Abstract: Stormwater capture for groundwater recharge in urban areas is usually conducted at the regional level by water agencies. Field and modeling studies in New Mexico indicate that stormwater diverted to retention basins may recharge about 50% of precipitation that falls on the developed area, even in dry climates. Comparable volumes of recharge may be expected at homes, subdivisions, or commercial properties with low‐impact development (LID) technologies for stormwater control that promote recharge over evapotranspiration. Groundwater quality has not been significantly impacted at sites that have been recharging stormwater to aquifers for decades. Distributed recharge systems may be a good alternative to centralized regional facilities where there is limited land for constructing spreading basins or little funding for new infrastructure. LID technologies borrowed from stormwater managers are important tools for groundwater managers to consider to enhance recharge.