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52.
R. Wu H. Cuppens I. Buyse R. Decorte P. Marynen S. Gordts J. J. Cassiman MD 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(12):1111-1122
We have developed a heminested PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method, performed on single cells, for the analysis of the most common cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation (AF508). As a quality control, the polymorphic exon 2 of the HLA DQA1 locus was co-amplified from the same cell. With a non-radioactive reverse dot-blot assay, the genotype of these two loci could be determined. Experiments on 98 single fibroblasts, heterozygous for the CFTR and the DQA1 locus, showed that amplification of either locus could be obtained in 97 per cent of the cases, but only 90 per cent showed heterozygosity for CF, 75 per cent showed heterozygosity for DQA1, and 74 per cent showed heterozygosity for both CF and DQA1. Contaminations detected only after DQA1 typing occurred in 3 per cent of our samples. Error rate calculations based on our experimental PCR data indicate that single blastomere diagnosis would lead to unacceptable errors, i.e., an affected fetus, in less than 1 per cent of the cases. The risk of undetected crossing-over or the dubious results that crossing-over could generate, would make isolated polar body diagnosis at the present time very difficult. The combined approach of PCR on polar bodies followed by confirmation of the diagnosis on blastomeres, however, should give a solid base for preimplantation diagnosis of monogenic disorders. 相似文献
53.
缺氧/厌氧/好氧工艺的脱氮除磷研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过实验研究缺氧环境倒置,来比较对A/A/O工艺脱氮除功能的影响。结果表明,与常规A/A/O(厌/缺/好)工艺相比,倒置后的工艺具有更好的脱氮除磷效果,在同等条件下,倒置系统的出水中PO4^3-P明显降低,而比反硝化速率却可30-50%,该文还进一步揭示了聚磷微生物在各种环境下的释磷和吸磷规律及其相互关系。 相似文献
54.
The sorption of the pyrethroid, esfenvalerate, to the dissolved and/or dispersed fraction of eight different natural humic compounds has been investigated. The dissolved organic matters (DOMs) included in this study originate from ground water, soil pore water, and surface waters. Sorption was modelled at DOM concentration levels where equilibrium partitioning of esfenvalerate between DOM and the aqueous bulk phase prevails. The inherent characteristics of the eight different humic materials, quantified in the preceding paper by Thomsen et al. (2002, this issue (PII: S0045-6535(02)00335-1)), have been used as explanatory variables for modelling this equilibrium partitioning. Using a reverse QSAR approach based on by projection-into-latent-structure regression (PLS-R) inherent sorbent properties determining for the sorption affinity of esfenvalerate to DOM were analysed. For all humic substances a decrease in the DOM-normalised equilibrium-partitioning coefficient, KDOM, with increasing concentration of DOM was observed. Significant variations in KDOM values, as function of the inherent characteristics of the individual humic substances, were found at DOM concentrations of 75 and 100 ppm, respectively. The latter is a strong indication of variations in sorption mechanisms of esfenvalerate to DOM of varying inherent properties. Groupings in the principal property space quantifying DOMs may indicate that separate models are needed for quantifying the equilibrium partitioning to different classes of DOM. 相似文献
55.
T.M. Coelho 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(3):291-299
The use of post-consumer materials is directly related to reducing the cost of production and extraction of natural resources. Non-recyclable materials are randomly disposed in the environment. Brazil is one of the largest consumers of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles. The purpose of this paper is to describe the opportunities and challenges of the logistics model for post-consumer PET bottle recycling in Brazil, while providing knowledge of its practices along the recycling chain. The results describe the need to educate those directly and indirectly involved in the process; to reduce consumption in order to reduce the amount of waste generated; to structure the post-consumer reverse chain and engage industrial sectors and government, through public policies, to support cleaner technologies along the PET bottle production chain. 相似文献
56.
Xuehao Zhao Yinhu Wu Xue Zhang Xin Tong Tong Yu Yunhong Wang Nozomu Ikuno Kazuki Ishii Hongying Hu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):55
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58.
电化学法处理活性艳蓝X-BR模拟染料废水的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用换向电源、铁铝作为两极的新型电化学反应器,以色度和CODCr去除率作为指标,通过调控溶液的性质考察了不同体系对其降解效果的影响。研究表明,该方法对活性艳蓝X-BR模拟染料废水具有较好的处理效果,其最佳处理条件为:电解时间20 min,电解电压10 V,搅拌速度1000 r/min,电源换向周期8 s,废水CODCr初始浓度1232 mg/L,电解质(Na2SO4)浓度0.06 mol/L,极板间距1.0 cm,pH=8。在此条件下,色度去除率可达98.93%,CODCr去除率可达85.26%,处理废水的电耗为1.24 kW.h/m3。 相似文献
59.
This paper proposed an inexact reverse logistics model for municipal solid waste management systems (IRWM). Waste managers, suppliers, industries and distributors were involved in strategic planning and operational execution through reverse logistics management. All the parameters were assumed to be intervals to quantify the uncertainties in the optimization process and solutions in IRWM. To solve this model, a piecewise interval programming was developed to deal with Min-Min functions in both objectives and constraints. The application of the model was illustrated through a classical municipal solid waste management case. With different cost parameters for landfill and the WTE, two scenarios were analyzed. The IRWM could reflect the dynamic and uncertain characteristics of MSW management systems, and could facilitate the generation of desired management plans. The model could be further advanced through incorporating methods of stochastic or fuzzy parameters into its framework. Design of multi-waste, multi-echelon, multi-uncertainty reverse logistics model for waste management network would also be preferred. 相似文献
60.
Octanoic acid (OA) was selected to represent fatty acids in effluent organic matter (EOM). The effects of feed solution (FS) properties, membrane orientation and initial permeate flux on OA fouling in forward osmosis (FO) were investigated. The undissociated OA formed a cake layer quickly and caused the water flux to decline significantly in the initial 0.5 hr at unadjusted pH 3.56; while the fully dissociated OA behaved as an anionic surfactant and promoted the water permeation at an elevated pH of 9.00. Moreover, except at the initial stage, the sudden decline of water flux (meaning the occurrence of severe membrane fouling) occurred in two conditions: 1. 0.5 mmol/L Ca2 +, active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) and 1.5 mol/L NaCl (DS); 2. No Ca2 +, active layer-facing FS (AL-FS) and 4 mol/L NaCl (DS). This demonstrated that cake layer compaction or pore blocking occurred only when enough foulants were absorbed into the membrane surface, and the water permeation was high enough to compact the deposit inside the porous substrate. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a co-foulant. The water flux of both co-foulants was between the fluxes obtained separately for the two foulants at pH 3.56, and larger than the two values at pH 9.00. This manifested that, at pH 3.56, BSA alleviated the effect of the cake layer caused by OA, and OA enhanced BSA fouling simultaneously; while at pH 9.00, the mutual effects of OA and BSA eased the membrane fouling. 相似文献