非离子表面活性剂Tween20对菲生物降解的影响

以菲(PHE)为典型多环芳烃(PAHs),利用PAHs优势降解菌,研究了非离子表面活性剂Tween20(TW20)对PAHs类疏水性有机物生物降解过程的影响结果表明,TW20对PHE具有较好的增溶效果;TW20具有很好的生物降解性;不同浓度的TW20存在情况下,降解菌对PHE都有很好的去除效果.TW20可以用于PAHs污染的生物修复.     

The Country,the City,and the Corporation: Rio Tinto Kennecott and the Materiality of Corporate Rhetoric

Contributing to extant discourses about corporate environmental advocacy, this paper argues that corporations can embed discursive rhetorical strategies in material places and spaces. This argument contributes to environmental communication by bridging divisions between discursive and materialist approaches to corporate rhetoric. Corporate materiality is realized in the study of Rio Tinto Kennecott (RTK) at places of corporate community where RTK enunciates a dominant environmental discourse about the necessity of the Bingham Canyon Mine through strategies such as the technological shell game, the hypocrite's trap, and corporate heterotopia, which are made manifest materially alongside cultural values such as epistemic trust, technological progress, community, and home. Using participatory critical rhetoric as a methodology, I analyse RTK's material rhetoric at the Natural History Museum of Utah, the Rio Tinto Soccer Stadium, and the Daybreak suburban community. This case study reveals that corporations are assemblages that assert many different, and sometimes competing, arguments that can deflect environmental criticism, materially.     

Beyond BAT: Selecting optimal combinations of available techniques,with an example from the limestone industry

Technological choices are multi-dimensional and thus one needs a multi-dimensional methodology to identify best available techniques. Moreover, in the presence of environmental externalities generated by productive activities, ‘best’ available techniques should be best from Society's point of view, not only in terms of private interests. In this paper we present a modeling framework based on methodologies appropriate to serve these two purposes, namely linear programming and internalization of external costs. We develop it as an operational decision tool, of interest for both firms and regulators, and we apply it to a plant in the lime industry. We show why, in this context, there is in general not a single best available technique (BAT), but well a best combination of available techniques to be used (BCAT).     

低成本环境温湿度测量系统的应用

针对温室环境温度测量的低成本和高精度要求,介绍了一种基于单总线数字温度传感器DS18820的温度湿度测量系统,重点讲述了该芯片在温室培育环境温度湿度控制系统应用中的优点,设计了Mcs-51单片机C程序设计和Visual Basic6．0软件中运用MsComm控件设计串行通信程序。通过软件界面实现了温度、湿度测量数据采集,同时对测量数据实现动态显示、存储和打印。     

Biodiversity, food consumption and ecological niche dimension: a study case of the riverine populations from the Rio Negro, Amazonia, Brazil

In this study we perform an ecological analysis of the resources use in the diet of the ribeirinho populations of the Barcelos municipality, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Data on food composition, seasonality, and origin took place during three field trips between 1999 and 2000. Data were gathered based on structured interviews and observations from a total of 320 meals of 114 randomly selected families and 164 fishing trips. The staple food of the studied populations is based on fish and manioc, although the food niche amplitude can vary according to the factors such as the access to imported food items, resources seasonality, and socio-economic conditions. The migration to urban centers along with the changes in subsistence activities (reduction of small-scale agriculture and specialization in commercial fishing) may result in changes in the food habits of ribeirinho populations from Rio Negro.

Lead contamination of the Seine River, France: geochemical implications of a historical perspective

Four sediment cores collected in the Seine River basin and dated between 1916 and 2003 were analyzed for lead concentrations and isotopic composition. In all four cores, the measured Pb concentration (up to 460 mg kg⁻¹) lies significantly above the natural background (27-40 mg kg⁻¹), although a significant decrease (down to 75 mg kg⁻¹) was observed during the second half of the 20th century which can be explained by the reduction of lead emissions. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratio measured in these samples indicates that the main source of Pb used in the Paris conurbation is characterized by a “Rio Tinto” signature (defined as ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb = 1.1634 ± 0.0001). A high contribution, up to 25%, from the leaded gasoline (characterized by ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb = 1.08 ± 0.02) is revealed in the Seine River downstream Paris, indicating that lead from the leaded gasoline is preferentially released to the river.The dominating Pb signature in the Paris conurbation that is currently sampled through incinerators fumes (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb = 1.1550 ± 0.0005) and waste water treatment plant (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb = 1.154 ± 0.002), represents a mixture of highly recycled lead from the Rio Tinto mine and lead from leaded gasoline (imprinted by the low ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb of the Broken Hill mine). This signature is called “urban” rather than “industrial”, because it is clearly distinct from the Pb that is found in areas contaminated by heavy industry, i.e. the heavy industries located on the Oise River which used lead from European ores characterized by high ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios (∼1.18-1.19) and possibly a minor amount of North American lead (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios > 1.20). The “urban” signature is also found in a rural area upstream of Paris in the 1970’s. At the Seine River mouth in 2003, Pb with an urban signature represents 70% of the total Pb sediment content, with the 30% remaining corresponding to natural Pb.     

Solubility and adsorption behaviors of chlorpyriphos-methyl in the presence of surfactants

In the present work changes in the adsorption of the pesticide chlorpyrifos-methyl (CLP-m) on soil colloids induced by application of surfactants were determined using a batch equilibrium method. The surfactants used were sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Tween 20, and dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DHAB). The adsorption isotherms of CLP-m in aqueous medium and in surfactant solutions at concentration equal to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) fitted the Freunlich adsorption equation generally with R² values greater than 0.96. While the addition of SDS and DHAB decreased the pesticide adsorption, the addition of Tween 20 increased the pesticide adsorption. The increases or decreases in the adsorption in the experiment revealed that the behavior of CLP-m in soil water-systems mainly depends on the type of surfactant. Moreover water solubility of CLP-m changes by the three surfactants below and above their CMC were studied. While the solubility of CLP-m was enhanced by SDS both below and above the CMC, the solubility of the pesticide was enhanced by DHAB only above the CMC. Tween 20 did not influence the solubility of CLP-m.     

新型吸收剂净化吸收甲苯废气的实验研究

选择柠檬酸钠水溶液、Tween-20水溶液、檬酸钠-Tween-20混合水溶液、新型矿物油及新型矿物油-水作为研究对象,实验研究对比了几种吸收剂对甲苯废气的吸收效果。通过实验分析可知,檬酸钠水体系对甲苯废气吸收能力有限,加入盐类可小幅增强其水体系对于甲苯废气的吸收效果,其中Tween-20水溶液吸收剂对甲苯废气吸收率较柠檬酸钠水体系高;新型矿物油对甲苯废气有着较好的处理效果,吸收率最高可达97%,而新型矿物油-水混合吸收剂中单位体积新型矿物油对甲苯废气吸收率较新型矿物油吸收剂提高45%,且具有吸收效率高、分散性好、再生成本低的优点。     

武汉、宜昌20世纪平均气温突变的诊断分析

同时利用信噪比法、累积距平、移动Ｔ检验对武汉１９０５－１９９７年、宜昌１９２４－１９９７年年、季、月平均气温序列诊断分析后发现：１）ＹＡ法最严格,ＭＴＴ法在ｍ≤１０时与之相当,ＣＡ法对月的突变可提供较多背景信息;２）两地２０年代初有一一次短期升温突变,４０年代末有一次时段较长的较强降温突变,后者季均有正贡献尤以春夏季最大,宜昌在２０－６０年代有多次短期突变,１９６７年有降温突变,此后相对平静,武汉     

Social licence and mining: A critical perspective

In 2002 the International Institute of Environment and Development published the landmark report Breaking New Ground: Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD). The report portrayed an industry distrusted by stakeholders and under threat from opposition groups. When read closely, the MMSD report reveals an inextricable link between industry's ‘survival’ instincts and the notion of a social licence. Within the context of a growing divergence around the expectations of minerals-led development, social licence has emerged as an industry response to opposition and a mechanism to ensure the viability of the sector. The objective of this article is to reinvigorate discussion and debate over how best to frame the industry's social and environmental obligations and how these obligations can be met by the sector. Where social licence has contributed to raising the profile of social issues within a predominantly industrial discourse, a primary failure is its inability to articulate a collaborative developmental agenda for the sector or a pathway forward in restoring the lost confidence of impacted communities, stakeholders, and pressure groups. We argue that a necessary first step in this process is for industry to reconcile its internal risk-orientation with external expectations which requires a less defensive and more constructive approach to stakeholder engagement and collaboration.